| Bupleurum is the dried root of the umbelliferous plant Bupleurum chinense DC.or Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd.,which is known as "North Bupleurum" and "South Bupleurum",it has the effect of evacuating fever,soothing the liver and relieving depression,and lifting yang qi.Bupleurum is one of the bulk medicinal materials,the usage and cultivation area of medicinal materials increase year by year,artificial cultivation has become the main source of Bupleurum chinense,interplanting Bupleurum with maize is the main cultivation mode of Bupleurum in Hebei Province.In this experiment,the cold resistance,yield and quality of different Bupleurum germplasms were comprehensively evaluated and analyzed under the corn interplanting Bupleurum cultivation model,and Jichai No.1 was used as the research object to discuss its suitable sowing date and plant flowering and fruiting biological characteristics such as seed germination,and the effects of storage temperature,germination temperature and seed soaking treatment on seed germination rate.The main findings are as follows:1 There were significant differences in the overwintering dead seedling rate of 6 Bupleurum germplasm,HB-sx had the lowest dead seedling rate of 7.81%,followed by GS-dx of 12.87%,the free proline and soluble protein content of the root system of overwintering seedlings and overwintering death.The seedling rate showed a significant negative correlation.The yields of different Bupleurum germplasms were significantly different.The highest yield of SD-jn was 1050.60 kg/hm2,followed by HB-sx's 973.50 kg/hm2.The content and accumulation of extracts,total ash,acid-insoluble ash,saikosaponins a and d of different Bupleurum germplasms were all significantly different.SD-jn had the highest content and accumulation of saikosaponin(a+d).They were 1.00%and 10.51 kg/hm2,followed by HB-sx 0.79%and 7.69 kg/hm2.2 The rate of overwintering dead seedlings in Jichai No.1 at different sowing dates was significantly different.The rate of overwintering dead seedlings sown on July 10 was the lowest at 10.98%.The free proline,soluble protein content of the roots of the overwintering seedlings and the rate of overwintering dead seedlings were significant.Negative correlation.The yield of Jichai No.1 differed significantly in different sowing dates,and the highest yield sown on July 10 was 947.55 kg/hm2.The contents and accumulation of extracts,total ash,acid-insoluble ash,saikosaponins a and d of Jichai No.1 at different sowing dates were significantly different,and the content of ingredients were in line with the requirements of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.The accumulation amounts of saikosaponin a,saikosaponin d,and saikosaponin(a+d)were the highest in July 10th,which were 3.47 kg/hm2,4.79 kg/hm2,and 8.26 kg/hm2.3 The flowering period of Jichai No.1 was from June 20 to August 8 for 50 days.It was divided into three periods:first flowering,full flowering,and last flowering.A single plant generally had 20?24 first-level branches,each first-level branch bore 8?12 second-level branches,and each second-level branch bore 2-4 third-level branches,in order of flowering.It was the inflorescence of plant top inflorescence,first branch,second branch and third branch.Flowering time every day,sunny days were concentrated at 8:00?13:00,cloudy days were concentrated at 9:00?14:00.The single flower bloomed until petals fell off from 14 to 18 days,and its disk,petals,anthers,stigma and other parts showed different colors.4 It took 55d for pollination of Jichai No.1 flower to maturity of fruit.It was divided into five stages:green maturity stage,milk maturity stage,yellow maturity stage,brown maturity stage,and maturity stage,and each stage experienced 5?16 days.During fruit formation,the water content gradually decreased,and the 1000-grain weight gradually increased.At maturity,the water content was 11.47%and the 1000-grain weight was 1.22g.By 51d after pollination,the seed germination potential and germination rate reached the maximum,respectively,12.74%and 55.32%.The 1000-grain weight and germination rate of the seeds on different branches of the plant were significantly different.The 1000-grain weight of the inflorescence seeds on the top of the plant was 1.13g,and the germination rate of the first-level branched seeds was 59%.The 1000-grain weight and germination rate of the different parts of the plant were significantly different.The upper 1000-grain weight of the upper part was 1.04 g and the germination rate was 52%,followed by the middle part and the lowest part.5 During germination of Bupleurum chinense seeds,the contents of GA3,IAA,and ABA in the seeds were significantly different,and showed different trends.The content of GA3 and IAA in the seeds both increased first and then decreased,and the content was the highest in the dew period,which were 17.85 ng/g and 83.46 ng/g,respectively;the content of ABA in the seeds decreased first and then increased,but the seeds did not germinate.The highest ABA content of ungerminated seeds was 176.38 ng/g.6 The storage temperature and germination temperature significantly affected the germination rate of Bupleurum chinense seeds.The germination rate of seeds under the storage temperature of 4 ? and germination temperature of 20? was up to 63%.The seed germination rate of GA3,IAA and ABA solutions with different concentrations was significantly different.The germination rate of seeds treated with 1.6 mg/L GA3 was 67%.Conclusion:HB-sx and SD-jn two Bupleurum germplasms were suitable for cultivation in Hebei Province;the suitable sowing date of Jichai No.1 with corn interplanting Bupleurum cultivation model was July 10;The biological characteristics of the flowering time,sequence and color of each part of the single inflorescence,the fruit formation period and the seed quality of different inflorescences and parts had initially revealed the changes of GA3,IAA and ABA content during the germination of Bupleurum;Storage temperature 4?,germination temperature 20?,seed soaking with 1.6 mg/L GA3 solution can significantly increased the germination rate of seeds. |
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