| Forest is the main body of land ecosystem and the basis of human survival and development.As the largest ecosystem on land,forest ecosystem has a great impact on land ecosystem and even the national ecological environment.The evolution of ecological environment will inevitably affect the development of ecosystem,and then lead to the change of ecosystem service efficiency.Therefore,in order to promote the sustainable development of the ecosystem,we should focus on the protection of forests and rational use of forest resources to ensure the long-term coexistence of ecological and economic benefits brought by the forest ecosystem.In the present study,the vegetation net primary productivity(NPP)of Hangzhou city during 2000—2015 was estimated based on GIS and ENVI by using CASA model,combined with remote sensing data,meteorological data,and land use data from the secondary classification of forestland(forest land,shrub woodland,sparse woodland and other woodland).The indirect value of ecosystem service(ESV)function was analyzed through the afforestation cost method,shadow price method,energy substitution method,and water balance method.This study estimated the value of forest ecosystem services(FESV)in Hangzhou city from four aspects:carbon fixation and oxygen release,nutrient recycling,organic material production,and water conservation.Moreover,the spatiotemporal change analysis of both FESV and ecosystem value of different forestland types in this study were discussed.The main results of this study were as follows:(1)With the development of urbanization,more and more construction land was occupied in Hangzhou city,but the area of cultivated land and woodland gradually decreased from 2000 to 2015.The total area of woodland decreased by 101.98 km~2,net decreasing by 0.67%of the total.(2)This paper estimated the FESV of Hangzhou city from 2000 to 2015 based on the estimated value of NPP and the value assessment methods.It was found that the total FESV in the study area increased by 20.45%during the period from 2000 to2015,respectively reaching 979.4495 million yuan,1048.6205 million yuan,1155.2904 million yuan,and 1231.1981 million yuan.The ecosystem services value in 2000—2005 increase by 6.59%,9.23%in 2005-2010,and 6.16%from 2010 to2015.Among the functional values of the forest ecosystem,the value of carbon fixation and oxygen release contributed to the most value of the ecosystem,followed by the value of organic material production and nutrient recycling,but the value of water conservation is minimal,indicating that forest vegetation plays a very important role in carbon fixation,oxygen release and carbon oxygen balance.(3)From the perspective of time,the total FESV of Hangzhou city increased obviously during 2000-2015.The value of ecosystem service increased by 252 million yuan,the total value increased by 20.45%.From 2000 to 2005,ecosystem service value increased by 6.59%;from 2005 to 2010 increased by 9.23%;from 2010 to 2015,added to 6.16%.It displayed that there had small variations in the FESV of Hangzhou city.In terms of the woodland of different types,forested land has the highest ESV,followed by shrub woodland,sparse woodland and other woodland.From the perspective of space,the areas with high ESV in Hangzhou city were mainly distributed in Chun’an county and Jiande city in the southwestern region and Lin’an in the north of Hangzhou city.The regions with lower ESV were mainly founded in Xiaoshan city,Yuhang city,and Hangzhou new town in the northeast of Hangzhou city.The ESV in Tonglu county and Fuyang city in the central region was at medium level.(4)The value of carbon fixation and oxygen release was 632 million yuan in2000,683 million yuan in 2005,739 million yuan in 2010,and 780 million yuan in2015,respectively.The value of organic materials production was 230 million yuan in2000,248 million yuan in 2005,265 million yuan in 2010,and 284 million yuan in2015 respectively.The value of nutrient recycling was 73 million yuan in 2000,79million yuan in 2005,85 million yuan in 2010,and 90 million yuan in 2015,respectively.The value of water conservation is 44 million yuan in 2000,39 million yuan in 2005,66 million yuan in 2010,and 78 million yuan in 2015,respectively.In the last 15 years,the unit area value and total value of carbon fixation and oxygen release,organic material production,and nutrient recycling in forestland showed an increasing trend.However,the quantity and value of water conservation appeared a trend of decreasing first then increasing later over the last 15 years. |
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