Genetic Basis Of Main Family Soybean Released Cultivars In Huang-Huai-Hai Based On Functional Markers

Soybeans are grown in China for 5,000 years and are an important source of oil and protein.Huanghuaihai is one of the main producing areas of soybean production in China.Studying the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of soybean breeding cultivars in Huanghuaihai is of great significance for the evaluation and preservation of soybean breeding and soybean planting resources,breeding and selection of parents.Functional markers are markers for the development of phenotypic gene sequences and have certain guiding significance for gene tracking,crop-assisted selection and molecular design breeding in pedigrees.The experiment used SCoT,TRAP,EST-SSR and QTL related to SSR four kinds of functional markers to analyze the important ancestral parents of Huanghuaihai in China.A total of 105 released soybeans,including A034(Binhaidabaihua),A133(Jimoyoudou)and A231(Tongshantianedan),Variety carries out genetic diversity and genetic structure studies between different geographical regions and at different periods.The research results are as follows:1.Using the four functional markers of SCoT,TRAP,EST-SSR and QTL related SSR,the average genetic diversity of 105 families of Huanghuaihai and southern soybean cultivars in the three families were 0.611,0.424,0.303 and 0.236,respectively;EST-SSR The level of marker gene diversity was the highest(0.611),the SSR marker was the lowest(0.236),the polymorphic information content(PIC)average was 0.581,0.323,0.248,and 0.839,respectively.The SSR marker had the highest PIC(0.839)and the TRAP marker was the lowest(0.248).Based on EST-SSR markers in the three families,the A034 family had the highest level of genetic diversity,A133 and A231 were similar.Based on the SCoT marker,the A034 and A231 families had similar genetic diversity,A133 was relatively lower,and the A034 family was inherited based on the TRAP marker.The level of diversity is the highest,and A133 is relatively lower.2.According to the four breeding years of 1964-1980,1981-1990,1991-2000 and 2001-2004,105 soybean cultivars were divided into 4 sub-populations.EST-SSR functional marker studies showed the Nei’s gene diversity of the three families(H)and polymorphism information content(PIC)change trends are basically the same,the genetic diversity of the three families is rich and stable;Nei’s gene diversity(H)and polymorphism information values(PIC)of each family of SCoT markers The trend of change is basically the same.The genetic diversity of the three families of Chinese soybean cultivars labeled with SCoT function is not high,and the trend is unstable.The genetic diversity of the three families of TRAP-tagged Chinese soybean cultivars is not high,and the genetic diversity is gradually The polymorphism index of the three families of Chinese soybean cultivars with QTL-related SSR functional markers is abundant,but the genetic diversity of genes is gradually decreasing.3.Using the four functional marker molecular data of 105 soybean cultivars to study the population genetic structure,STRUCTURE software analyzed the genetic structure of the four functional markers,and the K values were 4~6,among which ESTSSR and SCoT The labeled K value is 4,the results are similar,the TRAP marker K value is 6,and the QTL-related SSR marker K=5.In general,the population genetic analysis results are consistent with the pedigree analysis information,and the four molecular markers are for the three families of soybean breeding varieties.The results of population genetic analysis indicated that the soybean germplasm exchange in Huanghuaihai was frequent,and the soybean breeding varieties were not related to the geographical origin.The varieties of each province were distributed in various groups.4.UPGMA cluster analysis based on 105 soybean cultivars based on four functional marker molecular data showed that when the genetic distance D1=0.55,the number of 105 soybean cultivars clustered into two categories,cluster analysis showed that soybean cultivation The genetic distance of the variety is related to the geographical origin,and the soybean breeding varieties with similar geographical locations tend to gather together.Based on the similarity coefficient D1=0.58 of TRAP marker analysis,105 soybean cultivars were clustered into three categories.The cluster analysis of TRAP markers showed that the phylogenetic relationship and geographical distribution of soybean cultivars were scattered.Based on the EST-SSR marker data clustered into three subgroups,the cluster analysis results indicated that the large soybeans from the same geographical location did not all come together.The UPGMA cluster analysis of soybean cultivars with QTL-related SSR functional markers clustered 105 soybean individuals into three sub-populations.The phylogenetic relationship of soybean cultivars was not related to geographical distribution.The genetic structure analysis of the four functional marker populations indicated that there were more exchanges of germplasm among the inter-provincial soybean breeding varieties.