Comparative Study On The Growth And Development Law Of Introduced Ornamental Peach Varieties

In this study,five ornamental peach varieties?'Yuanchun','Baibitao','Baochun','Xiaomiantao','Juhuatao'?introduced by the Horticultural Experiment Station of Tarim University were used as objects.Observation,investigation of flower organ structure,tree branch growth,leaf characteristics and photosynthetic characteristics,analysis and comparison of differences in the growth and development of ornamental peach.Research indicates:1.The five ornamental peach varieties differed greatly in the phenological stage of Alar.In 2018,the phenophase of'Baochun'was the earliest,'Xiaomiantao'was the latest,the opening time of the open petals differed by 18 d,and the flowering period was 13-15 d.From late March to early April,the leaf buds start to sprout and spread,and from late October to early November,they enter the leaf-falling stage.The phenological period of each ornamental peach variety in 2019 is 1-2 days later than the phenological period of 2018.2.The number of petals,corolla diameter,number of stamens,and number of pistils of the five ornamental peach varieties were different.'Yuanchun'has the smallest number of petals,'Juhuatao'has the smallest diameter,'Baochun'has the most stamens,and'Xiaomiantao'has the most pistils.The average number of ornamental peach petals was 28.87,the average corolla diameter was 40.02 mm,the average number of stamens was 35.63,and the average number of pistils was 1.95.The ornamental peach color is diverse.The color of'Xiaomiantao'is red-pink,The color of'Xiaomiantao'has a color change phenomenon.3.The five ornamental peach varieties had no significant difference in tree height,and there were extremely significant differences in tree diameter.The tree diameter of'Baochun'was the largest,which was significantly larger than that of other varieties,and'Xiaomiantao'was the smallest.The base angle of the main branch of the ornamental peach is between 26.56°to 63.80°,the waist angle is between 14.56°to67.20°,and the width of the branch angle of the auxiliary shoot is between 36.41°to 62.21°.The branch angle and waist angle of the main branch of'Yuanchun'are the largest;There were extremely significant differences in the diameter of the new shoots and the length of the internodes.'Yuanchun'represents the opening of the tree,and'Baibitao'represents the erect,straight branch.4.The quality of flower buds of ornamental peach varieties was significantly different.Significant differences were found in the size of primary branches,subshoot flower buds,compound flower bud weights,and flower bud density.The flower buds of'Baochun'are the largest and the flower buds of'Juhuatao'are the smallest.The weight of the compound flower buds on the primary branch is the largest of'Baochun',and the weight of the'Yuanchun'is the smallest.The weight of the secondary flower buds is less than the compound flower buds on the branch,the'Baochun'are the largest and the'Juhuatao'are the smallest.There were significant differences in single flower bud density and multiple flower bud density.5.The growth trends of leaf length,width,and leaf area of the five ornamental peach varieties were similar,and‘Yuanchun'was the largest.Leaf bases,leaf tips,and leaf shapes are different.The number of nectary glands is 1 to 2.There are types of leaf tips:extended,wedge-shaped,oblique,and skewed.6.The chlorophyll content of the ornamental peach leaves changed similarly,showing a rapid increase first,and then a slow;when the leaves stopped growing,the chlorophyll content was'Yuanchun'>'Xiaomiantao'>'Juhuatao'>'Baochun'>'Baibitao'.The specific weight of the ornamental peach leaves slowly and continuously increased,and when the leaves stopped growing,the specific weight in turn was'Yuanchun'>'Xiaomiantao'>'Juhuatao'>'Baochun'>'Baibitao'.7.The stomata shape of'Yuanchun'is short oval,and'Baochun','Baibitao','Xiaomiantao',and'Juhuatao'are spindle-shaped.There are extremely significant differences in the stomata characteristics of ornamental peach leaves,and the stomata density of'Yuanchun'is the largest The length of the stomata of the'Baochun'is the smallest,the length of the stomata of the'Xiaomiantao'is the largest,and the size of the stomata of the'Juhuatao'is the largest.8.The diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate of ornamental peach leaves showed a single-peak curve,with different peak times.The stomatal conductance of leaves showed a double-peak curve and a single-peak curve.'Yuanchun','Baibitao',and'Baochun'showed a double-peak curve change,and'Xiaomiantao'and'Juhuatao'showed a single-peak change.The intercellular CO₂ concentration showed a trend of"decreasing-increasing-decreasing-increasing".The transpiration rate generally showed a high-low-high trend,which differed among different varieties.In summary,the introduction of ornamental peach varieties has strong adaptability and is suitable for promotion in this region.