Comparison Of Phenological Laws And Pollen Characteristics Of Different Varieties Of Zanthoxylum Bungeanum

Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim is a plant of the genus Zanthoxylum in the family Rutaceae.It is widely distributed in China and has abundant germplasm resources.The peel of Sichuan pepper has a special numb taste and fragrance,and is a traditional edible seasoning,spice and Chinese medicinal material,and has a very high economic value.At present,there are few studies on the differences in the growth laws of different varieties of Z bungeanum.Blind introduction can easily lead to the disconnection between production management measures and the growth rhythm of Z bungeanum,which restricts the healthy development of the Z bungeanum industry.In this paper,seven representative varieties of Z bungeanum with large cultivation area are taken as the research objects,and the regularity of plant growth and variation of Z bungeanum of different varieties is systematically studied through observation and statistical analysis of the plant.Vitality determination,in order to provide a scientific basis for the introduction and cultivation of Z bungeanum and hybrid breeding.The main results of the study are as follows(1)The phenological changes of the seven Z bungeanum varieties were basically the same,but the phenological changes of different varieties were quite different.All Z bungeanum varieties began to germinate in early March,and it took an average of 10 d from germination to germination,and an average of 8 d in the leaf-spreading stage.The flowering period was concentrated in the middle and late April.Hancheng Shizitou germinates,buds,spreads leaves,blooms and sets fruit earlier;Fugu Z bungeanum has a late flowering period and a late maturity period(October 19);Fengxian Dahongpao fruit changes color and takes time to mature shorter.The defoliation period starts in late October and lasts for about 20 days.The order of defoliation is: Hancheng Shizitou,Hancheng Wuci,Dangcun Zanthoxylum,Xinong Wuci,Fengxian Dahongpao,German Z bungeanum,Fugu Z bungeanum,among the seven pepper varieties,Fengxian Dahongpao had the shortest growing period(239 d),and Hancheng Shizitou had the longest growing period(247 d).(2)The growth rules of the seven Z bungeanum varieties were basically the same,but there were significant differences in the growth amount.The growth of new shoots of all varieties over time showed an "S"-shaped change rule of "slow-fast-slow".The rapid growth period is in June and July,accounting for 59.1% of the total annual growth.The rapid growth period of leaf width and leaf length of each variety occurred in April and May,accounting for72% and 76% of the total annual growth,and the leaves basically stopped growing in August.Fengxian Dahongpao Z bungeanum grows the fastest in leaf width in April,Dangcun Z bungeanum grows the slowest,in May Dangcun Z bungeanum grows fastest in leaf width and leaf length,Fugu Z bungeanum grows the slowest,and Xinnong Wuci leaf grows in April Fastest,Hancheng Wuci grows the slowest without thorns,and Xinong Wuci grows the slowest without thorns in May.(3)The pedicel length of Hancheng Wuci Z bungeanum is the largest,Dangcun Z bungeanum is the smallest;the corolla diameter of Dangcun Z bungeanum is the largest,and the German Z bungeanum and Fugu Z bungeanum are the smallest;the order of fruit size at maturity is: Xinong Wuci > Dangcun Z bungeanum > Hancheng Shizitou > Fengxian Dahongpao > Hancheng Wuci > German Z bungeanum > Fugu Z bungeanum;the 1000-grain weight of Z bungeanum is 18.12 g,Xinong Wuci is the largest,and Fugu Z bungeanum is the smallest;the average yield per plant is 2.48 kg,Hancheng Shizitou is the largest,Wesnon Thornless Minimal.(4)Z bungeanum pollen is spindle-shaped.Pollen grains have 3 germination grooves with germination holes in them.The pollen is three-lobed circular in polar view,oval in equatorial view,with reticulated or granular patterns on the surface,and the mesh is irregular polygonal or oval.The pollen vigor from strong to weak in different periods of Z bungeanum was: full bloom > first bloom > last bloom.Different storage methods and storage time had a significant effect on pollen vigor,and the best storage effect was at-80℃,which could retain higher vigor than those at room temperature and-20℃.