Sero-epidemiological Studies Of Influenza A,Hepatitis E,Mycoplasmal Pneumoniae And Haemophilus Parasuis Disease In Wild Boar

Wild boar(Sus scrofa)belongs to vertebrate animal,mammalian,placenta,subclass,hoof pig and pig,and is the ancestor of pig.Wild boar has a high rate of lean meat,nutrient-rich,low fat content,no drug residues in the ketone body,and only 50% of the fat in the hind legs.Therefore,farmed wild boar meat is more and more popular.Influenza A virus,Hepatitis E virus,Mycoplasma hyopneumonia and Haemophilus parasuis are not only common pathogens of swine infection,but also can infect wild boars,which seriously harm the development of farmed wild boars.Influenza A virus(IAV)is the most common pathogen of infectious disease in swine which is prevalent in the world.Infection with Influenza A(IA)in pigs can cause acute respiratory symptoms such as fever,coughing,difficulty breathing and sneezing,and can infect a wide range of animals,causing major economic and public health problems worldwide.Hepatitis E virus(HEV)is a member of the family Hepeviridae,which is primarily transmitted via fecal-oral route.Hepatitis E(HE)is a zoonotic disease,and pigs are natural reservoirs of HEV.Mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine is a chronic respiratory infection caused by M.hyopneumoniae,which cough and asthma are the main symptoms.Swine infection with M.hyopneumoniae can be induced by immunosuppression together with Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome(PRRSV)and Porcine circovirus 2(PCV-2)and secondary bacterial infection leading to death,and it is one of the most serious diseases in the world that harm the pig industry.H.parasuis is the pathogenic cause of Gl?sser's disease,which can cause characterized symptoms of multiple serositis,arthritis and meningitis in pigs.It is one of the main causes of piglet death.H.parasuis seriously hampers the healthy development of the global pig industry and causing huge economic losses.In this study,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and indirect hemagglutination assay(IHA)were used to investigate the serological epidemiology of IAV,HEV,M.hyopneumoniae and H.parasuis infection in farmed wild boars in Jilin province,China,for the first time.The results showed that the seroprevalence of anti-IAV antibodies was 5.80%(44/758).Logistic regression analysis was performed on the geographical locations,genders,ages,and collection years.The results showed that these four factors were not considered as risk factors for IAV infection(P > 0.05).The overall seroprevalence of anti-HEV antibodies was 24.54%(186/572)in farmed wild boars,and the genders and ages were considered as risk factors by logistic regression analysis(P < 0.05).Seventy-eight out of 882(8.84%)serum samples were M.hyopneumoniae-seropositive.Logistic regression analysis showed that there is a significant correlation with the geographical locations(P < 0.05).Logistic regression analysis was performed on the regions,genders,ages and collection years.The results showed that antibodies against H.parasuis were detected in 236/787(29.99%)of examined farmed wild boars,and the results revealed that age is the major risk factor of H.parasuis in farmed wild boars(P < 0.01).To our knowledge,this is the first report of IAV,HEV,M.hyopneumoniae and H.parasuis seroprevalence in farmed wild boars in China,which provided baseline information for these further studies and control of these diseases,and have important public health implications.