Effect Of Reducing Chemical Fertilizer And Increasing Organic Fertilizer On Watermelon Yield And Quality

In the world,China is the largest manufacturer and consumer of chemical fertilizer.Now,China is facing some problems in vegetable production,such as vegetable quality decline,low utilization rate of fertilizer and groundwater pollution caused by excessive use of chemical fertilizer.By studying the application of organic fertilizer,the synergistic effect and substitution amount of biological fertilizer are discussed,which provides scientific basis for rational fertilization and improvement of vegetable quality in vegetable fields.In this experiment,’Nongkeda No.5’was selected as the experimental material,on the basis of reducing chemical fertilizer application,cow manure and earthworm manure organic fertilizer were used to study the effects of continuous application of organic fertilizer on the yield and quality of watermelon.Different gradients of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer were applied to treat watermelon,and their effects on the yield and quality of watermelon were comprehensively analyzed.Research shows:1.By measuring the plant index,compared with the control,fertilization treatment can significantly promote the growth of plant stems and vines,improve plant photosynthetic efficiency,increase the content of organic matter and available nitrogen in soil,inhibit the occurrence of Fusarium wilt,and then improve the yield of watermelon and the content of soluble sugar,vitamin C and soluble protein.2.In the treatment of organic manure from earthworm manure,the stem and vine yield and quality of watermelon increased with the increase of organic manure from earthworm manure,and the resistance to Fusarium wilt increased with the increase of organic manure from earthworm manure.T8(the application rate of organic manure from earthworm manure was 500 kg/667m~2,urea 6 kg/667m~2,superphosphate 20 kg/667m~2,potassium sulfate 10 kg/667m~2)was the best treatment.The yield increased by 23.0%,10.5%and39.6%,and the incidence of Fusarium wilt decreased by 35.1%.3.In cow manure treatment,vine length,yield,quality and disease resistance to wilt decreased with the increase of cow manure application,while stem diameter increased with the increase of cow manure application.4.Compared with conventional fertilization T1(1000 kg/667m~2 for cow dung,15kg/667m~2 for urea,50 kg/667m~2 for superphosphate,25 kg/667m~2 for potassium sulfate),T2(1500 kg/667m~2 for cow dung,12 kg/667m~2 for urea,40 kg/667m~2 for superphosphate,20 kg/667m~2 for potassium sulfate and T8)could significantly increase the soluble total sugar,vitamin C,protein and lycopene in watermelon.The content of soil organic matter and resistance to Fusarium wilt of T2 and T8 were significantly higher than that of T1.There was no significant difference between T8 and T1 and T2 in vine length,stem diameter,photosynthetic rate and yield of watermelon.Therefore,the best combination of cow manure treatment is T2,and the best combination of earthworm manure organic fertilizer treatment is T8.5.With the same amount of chemical fertilizer,except for routine treatment T1,the effect of earthworm manure treatment on plant growth,photosynthesis and disease resistance to Fusarium wilt was better than cow manure treatment,and the effect of earthworm manure treatment on improving soil organic matter content,yield and quality was significant.