Studies On The Wild Germplasm Resources And Domestication Culture Of Auricularia

Auricularia is a worldwide distributed genus in high basidiomycetes,and it is also an important edible and medicinal fungus.Auricularia has a long history of cultivation.A.heimuer and A.cornea are the main varieties of cultivation in China.It has the effects of tonifying qi and intestining lung,decreasing blood glucose and anti thrombosis.In this paper,the wild germplasm resources of Auricularia were investigated,and the edible species in the flok which had not been domesticated were selected.The conditions of domestication and cultivation were discussed and optimal cultivation conditions were carried out,which laid a theoretical foundation for the subsequent development and utilization of Auricularia fungal resources.About 150 specimens and collections were collected in the years from 2016 to2018.Taxonomy of Auricularia based on the macro-and micro-morphology was carried out.The result showed that species were identified,Auricularia heimuer F.Wu,B.K.Cui&Y.C.Dai,Auricularia cornea Ehrenb.,Auricularia villosula Malysheva,Auricularia americana Parmasto&I.Parmasto,Auricularia orientalis Y.C.Dai&F.Wu.,Auricularia fibrillifera Kobayasi,Bull.and Auricularia delicata?Mont.ex Fr.?Henn.The macro morphology and microscopic characters were described in detail,the line drawings was given in this paper.The biological characteristics,liquid fermentation and optimal cultivation conditions of Auricularia villosula Malysheva from Ordos,Inner Mongolia and A.fibrillifera Kobayasi,Bull from Parrot Ridge,Baisha County,Hainan Province were studied in this paper.Further pharmacognostical studies on A.villosula,including the extraction of polysaccharides and their antioxidant effects.Auricularia villosula and Auricularia fibrillifera had a low demand on nutrition substance in the growth.The results of the biological characteristics showed that the optimal culture condition for A.villosula was the combination of sucrose,soybean meal,0.5%PO₄^3-and potato juice;the optimal culture condition for A.fibrillifera was the combination of lactose,beef meal,corn juice,1%PO₄^3-and 1%Mg²⁺.The liquid fermentation and fruiting test of fungus on the Auricularia villosula and Auricularia fibrillifera was carried out based on the data of the biological characteristics experments.The optimal liquid fermentation conditions for A.villosula were fructose,peptone,3%KH₂PO₄,2%MgSO₄ and the liquid medium volume was100 mL/250 mL.A.fibrillifera were sucrose,yeast extract powder,3%KH2PO4,2%MgSO₄ and 100 mL/250 mL.The formulas were:broad-leaved sawdust 78%,wheat bran 20%,gypsum powder 1%,lime powder 1%.In further studies of Auricularia villosula from pharmacognosy.The polysaccharide content and antioxidant activity of A.villosula,A.heimuer and A.cornea were compared.The nutritional components of wild A.villosula and A.heimuer were compared and analyzed.Conclusion:?1?Polysaccharide extraction rate is showed that A.villosula>A.heimuer>A.cornea>liquid ferment of A.villosula,among which the content of polysaccharide of A.villosula was higer.?2?When the concentration of polysaccharides was 1.0mg/mL,the scavenging rate of DPPH by polysaccharides from fruiting bodies of A.villosula reached 86.5%,the total reducing power of liquid fermentation reached 0.22,significantly higher than the same concentration of other fungus.It further explained the feasibility of liquid fermentation on the activity of research and utilization.?3?The content of amino acid and calcium in A.villosula was higher than that in A.heimuer.Therefore,the introduction and domestication of A.villosula not only had the value of development and utilization,but also added a unique material for food to people's table.