Development Of Control System And Key Components Of Maize Accurate Water Application Planter

China is a country with severe water shortages.Hebei Province is also an extremely water-deficient area,and the agricultural water consumption in our province accounts for 64.1% of the total water consumption.The lack of water and low water resource utilization seriously affect agricultural production.In order to ensure the emergence rate of corn in North China after the sowing,the watering operation is usually carried out within one week after the sowing.However,in some areas,the traditional surface flooding method is still adopted,which seriously wastes water resources.At the same time,there is a problem that farmers are lining up watering queues.In response to this problem,the purpose of this research is to develop a corn variable water planter,to carry out water application at the same time of sowing,and to adjust the water application amount according to the operation speed to ensure uniformity of water application.The corn variable water planter meets the modern agricultural environmental protection intensive concept and is conducive to improving the utilization rate of agricultural water and saving agricultural time.The water-seeding planter is mostly mechanical.After consulting the relevant literature and analyzing the structure of various water-seeding planters,the electric control type water application scheme was determined.The advantage of the electronically controlled water application compared to the mechanical water application is that when the seeding speed is changed,the water application amount can be changed by changing the opening and closing angle of the steering gear,and there is no possibility that the pump chamber is insufficiently stored due to the increase in speed.To change the amount of water applied to the foundation,it is only necessary to change the corresponding values in the program.It is not necessary to replace mechanical structures such as ratchets and pump chambers of different sizes.The mechanical part of the corn variable water planter mainly improves the seeding monomer,which makes the water structure more reasonable.The outlet is designed before the seeding mouth,which is beneficial to avoid the impact of water on the seed.The tank bracket was designed and the strength of the bracket was simulated.The results show that the bracket can withstand the pressure much greater than the maximum deformation.In order to avoid the inaccurate counting of the ground wheel,a speed measuring wheel was designed.The EDEM software was used to simulate the anti-skid teeth of different angles.The results show that when the anti-slip tooth angle is 45 degrees,the speed measuring wheel is more balanced and less dusty..In many tests,the speed-measuring wheel did not show slip phenomenon,and then applied to the wheat planter.The control system mainly includes single chip microcomputer,encoder,large torque steering gear,water level monitoring and alarm module.The rotary encoder is the main speed measuring device and is mounted coaxially with the speed measuring wheel.The single chip computer calculates the working speed according to the pulse frequency sent by the encoder,and further controls the opening angle of the steering gear to change the water output.In addition to the design of the mechanical part of the planter and the control system,the theoretical calculation of the tank volume,installation position and the lateral and longitudinal stability of the machine is also carried out.It is determined that the tank volume is 1 cubic meter,and the piggyback installation method is adopted.The backpack type is more efficient than the trailer load type.In the field test,the measured operation speed reaches 5.4 km/h.The SPSS data statistics software is used to fit the relationship between the water output and the steering opening angle,and the best fitting relation expression is found to be a cubic term form.Through the measurement and statistics of the field test data,the seed germination rate of the water application operation is greatly improved compared with the no water application operation,the sprouting is faster,and the consistency of the sowing depth is improved.The soil moisture content before application of water was 9.8%,and the soil moisture content decreased to 15.6% after 23 days of water application and sowing.At this time,it was still in the moisture content stage suitable for seedling growth.When the water application rates were 670ml/m,300ml/m and 240ml/m,the germination rate reached 95.00%,88.77% and 85.91% respectively after 6 days of sowing,while the seed germination rate of traditional no-water sowing seeds was only 63.38%.The electronically controlled corn variable water planter realizes the automatic water application operation to a certain extent,improves the utilization rate of agricultural water,and alleviates the problem of watering queues delaying the agricultural time,which is of great significance for saving water resources.