Impact Of Family Endowment And Cognitive Level On Farmers' Willingness To Invest In Later Management And Maintenance Of Grain For Green Project

To curb soil erosion and desertification,China launched a pilot program in 1999 to return farmland to forests(grass)in Shaanxi and other provinces.So far,the project has gone through several stages,from the comprehensive launch in 2002 to the consolidation of achievements in 2007 to the re-launch in 2014,with a total investment of more than 450 billion yuan.The project has completed the task of returning farmland to forests of 29.8million hm2,and achieved remarkable ecological achievements.The improvement of agricultural environment and ecological environment is not enough only from the government,we have to enhance farmers' willingness.Farmers are the implementation subject and the management and investment subject of the project.Therefore,for the sustainability of the project,it is very important to stimulate farmers' willingness to invest in later management and maintenance of project.However,with the further progress of project,some studies have found that farmers' willingness to invest in later management and maintenance of project is not high.We can't help thinking,how can we improve farmers' willingness and strength to invest in later management and maintenance of project.What is the internal mechanism of farmers' willingness and strength to invest in later management and maintenance of project.Therefore,it is of great significance to explore the influencing factors of farmers' willingness and strength to invest in later management and maintenance of project.Taking the survey data of farmers in Shaanxi,Gansu and Ningxia,this paper explains the internal relationship and action mechanism between family endowment,cognition level and farmers' willingness and strength to invest in later management and maintenance of project.We test the direct effect of each dimension of family endowment on farmers' willingness and strength to invest in later management and maintenance of project.Besides,we test the direct effect of each dimension of family endowment on farmers' willingness and strength to invest in later management and maintenance of project by influencing the cognitive level.Finally,suggestions are put forward to enhance farmers' willingness and strength to invest in later management and maintenance of project.The main conclusions of the study are as follows.Firstly,farmers' willingness and strength to invest in later management and maintenance of project is not high.More precisely,55.42% of the farmers are not willing to invest in later management and maintenance of project.Farmers' strength to invest in later management and maintenance ofproject is 0.02 million/mu/year,which is not great.Secondly,the level of each dimension of family endowment is the important factor affecting farmers' willingness and strength to invest in later management and maintenance of project.More precisely,the higher the level of human capital endowment,the stronger the farmers' willingness and strength to invest in later management and maintenance of project.The higher the level of social capital endowment,the stronger the farmers' willingness and strength to invest in later management and maintenance of project.The higher the level of economic capital endowment,the stronger the farmers' willingness and strength to invest in later management and maintenance of project.The higher the level of natural capital endowment,the stronger the farmers' willingness and strength to invest in later management and maintenance of project.Thirdly,the level of each dimension of family endowment could effects farmers' willingness and strength to invest in later management and maintenance of project by influencing the cognitive level.In other words,cognitive level plays the mediating effect.Fourthly,among the cognitive degrees,the mediating effect of economic value cognition is significant in most influencing paths except the path of economic value cognition between natural capital endowment and farmers' willingness and strength to invest in later management and maintenance of project.Fifthly,among the cognitive degrees,the mediating effect of ecological value cognition is not significant in most influencing paths except the path of ecological value cognition between human capital endowment and farmers' willingness to invest in later management and maintenance of project.Based on the above conclusions,suggestions should be put forward from the perspective of the action mechanism.First of all,according to the characteristics of family capital endowment level,we should target the potential farmers who are willing to invest in later management and maintenance of project.Secondly,specifically improve and optimize the capital endowment level of the farmers,so as to improve their economic value cognition and ecological value cognition,moreover,further improving their willingness and strength to invest in later management and maintenance of project.Specifically,farmers should be encouraged to cooperate with the new agricultural and forestry operators to solve the problem of manpower quantity and scientific and technological personnel should be encouraged to go to the countryside to guide and train to improve the quality of manpower,so as to improve the level of human capital endowment of the farmers.Farmers should be encouraged to communicate interactively through village meetings and new agricultural and forestry operators,so as to improve the level of socialcapital endowment of the farmers.Farmers should be encouraged to accelerate the development of follow-up industries of project to increase the stability of their incomes and loan policy tilt to enhance financing capacity,so as to improve the level of economic capital endowment of the farmers.Farmers should be encouraged to transfer the farmland to realize the appropriate scale management and cooperate with the new agricultural and forestry operators to complement each other's advantages,so as to improve the level of natural capital endowment of the farmers.