Genetic Diversity Of Apis Cerana Abanisis And High-yield Beekeeping Technology Development And Utilization

The honeybee species in Aba Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province?named as Apis cerana abanisis?,is one of an excellent local honeybee resources in China.The work of preservation,protection and utilization of this species need some basic researches,including both morphology and molecular studies.In this paper,the genetic diversity of Apis cerana abanisis was studied by:?1?analyzing the morphological characteristics of honeybees from Aba?Ganzi and the Basin areas;and?2?comparative analysis of the mitochondrial DNA research in Aba.Based on the high yield characteristics of Apis cerana abanisis and the current status of local beekeeping,the development of high-yield technology was carried out.The results were as follows:1.Analysis of diversity of morphological characteristicsThe bees were obtained from 15 sampling places in 126 colonies,and 17 morphological characteristics were determined by anatomy.Statistical analysissuch as one-way ANOVA,factor analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis was performed by SPSS software.The results indicated that there were significant differences?P<0.01?,significant differences?P<0.05?,and no significant differences?P>0.05?in the morphological characteristics between sampling places.For example,there were significant differences among the bees in the Aba,the bees in the Ganzi,and the bees in the Basin areas on the length of proboscis,length of tibia of bee right hind leg,width of bee hind leg metatarsus,length of bee right forewing,and length of tergite 3+4..In the categorical statistics,the Aba bee was distinctly separated from the bees in the Ganzi and the Basin,belonging to different population categories;there were differences among the samples in the Aba and the internal populations of the samples,indicating that diversity in the Aba bees existed at the morphological level.2.Mitochondrial DNA research347 colonies of Apis cerana abanisis were collected from 23 sampling places in Aba,the mitochondrial DNA analysis was performed.The results showed that there were 347 sequences of 335 bp multi-sequence fragments with 321 conserved?monomorphic?loci,accounting for 95.82%.14 variant?polymorphic?loci,accounting for 4.18%,divided 18 haplotypes?Hap₁ Hap₁8?,the diversity of bee samples in 23 Aba ranged from 0.105 to 0.792;the haploid diversity of each sample was unevenly distributed and there were significant differences;mainly Hap₁ haplotype,accounting for 66.57% of the entire Aba bee samples,while it was reported the Chinese honeybee in China was mainly Hap₂ haplotype,indicating that there are also diversity in the Aba in the molecular level,and there was significant difference between the bee in Aba and the Mainland.3.High-yield technology test researchThe technology by using supers has been the bottleneck for further development of the movable topbar breeding technology of the Chinese honeybees.The acceptance of the super between different bee species is different.This study indicated that the super technology could be adapted to keep the Apis cerana abanisis.Compared to the production of traditional hive,the honey yield doubled,which is suitable for popularization and application in actual beekeeping practice.