| In order to screen out the spring maize varieties suitable for planting in Guizhou,and improve the mechanized production level and planting efficiency of maize.In2017-2018,the effects of different densities on agronomic characters,stalk traits,machine yield traits and yield traits of spring maize were studied by using density and variety two factors splitting design in Zunyi and Anshun,Guizhou.Through the analysis of principal component,membership function method and grey correlation degree,the spring maize varieties of Guizhou resistant to dense planting were selected,and its evaluation index was put forward,which provided guidance and reference for the breeding and popularization of the suitable machine of spring maize resistant to cultivation in Guizhou.The main results and conclusions are as follows:1.The effects of density,variety and two factors on the agronomic traits of spring maize were significant.With the increase of planting density,the leaf area index,empty stalk rate,lodging rate and inflection rate of spring maize increased,and the leaf area per plant,dry weight per plant and double ear rate decreased,and the degree of change of different varieties was different.Among them,the leaf area index of Xianyu1171 increased by 28.52%,the largest increase;the dry matter accumulation of Jinyu838 increased the most,which was 27.37%;the average puncture strength of Jingfeng18 decreased the most,which was 16.94%;The double earing rate of Zhongyu3 decreased the most,which was 5.93%.2.There were significant differences in stem traits between different varieties at different densities.Zhongyu3 has the largest average compressive strength and unit length stem dry matter weight at high density,298.6N and 0.49g/cm respectively.The average crushing strength of Xinzhongyu801 was the largest at both densities,which was 325.9N.Increasing the planting density,the spring corn stalk strength,puncture strength and crushing strength were all reduced,and the degree of reduction between varieties was different.The average puncture strength of Jingfeng 18 varieties decreased most significantly,down 14.96%.At the same density,with the increase of the node and the delay of the growth period,the stem strength and the dry weight of the stem per unit length decreased.With the delay of the growth period,the average puncture strength decreased by8.64%,the average compression strength decreased by 13.16%,and the average crushing strength decreased by 13.62%.As the number of nodes increased,the average dry weight per stalk of each section decreased by 17.90%.3.The impurity rate,broken rate and drop spike rate increased with the increase of density,and the difference between different cultivars was significant.Among them,the impurity rate,crushing rate and spike rate of the Xianyu1171,Ainong001,Xinzhongyu801 and Zhongyu3 were relatively low.The corn cob strength decreased with the increase of density,Zhengdan958,Jingfeng18,Zhuhuang99M/21 and Zhenhe99 decreased the most;the planting density had no significant effect on the number of eucalyptus leaves and the length of the stalk,different varieties The difference in the number of eucalyptus leaves and the length of the stalk was significant.4.There were significant differences in density and yield between spring maize yield and yield traits.As the density increases,the ear length becomes shorter,the ear diameter becomes thinner,the bald tip becomes longer,the number of kernels decreases,and the 1000-grain weight decreases.Among them,under high density,the ear length of Xianyu1171 was the largest,the ear diameter of Xinzhongyu801 variety was the largest,the length of bald tip of Jinyu306 variety was the largest,the number of spikes of Jinyu838 variety was the largest,and the weight of Jinyu306 variety was the largest.With the increase of density,the yield of 13 varieties such as Xianyu1171increased.Among them,the yield of Xianyu1171 was the highest,which was9439.90kg/hm~2.5.There was a significant positive correlation between yield and plant height,ear height,stem diameter,leaf area,leaf area index,dry matter accumulation and puncture strength in the fourth section of the ground,and a significant negative correlation with the rate of puncture;puncture strength There is a very significant positive correlation between the compressive strength and the crushing strength,the lodging rate and the strength of the seventh section of the ground,the crushing strength of the third section of the ground,the crushing strength of the fifth section of the ground,the average internode thickness and the unit The inter-segment dry weight presents a significant negative correlation.There was a significant positive correlation between grain moisture content and impurity rate,breaking rate and drop spike rate.Through the analysis of the two-way average of yield and grain moisture content,the yields of Xianyu1171,Xinzhongyu801,Zhongyu3,Jinyu838,Zhenghong6 and Jinyu306 are higher,reaching8000kg/hm~2 or more.The grain moisture content is relatively low,below 28.5%.6.The principal component analysis showed that the crushing strength of the first section of the ear,the strength of the fifth section of the ground,the strength of the fourth section of the ground,the plant height,the height of the ear,the stem diameter,the dry matter accumulation,the dry weight per unit stem,The 13 indicators of lodging rate,lodging rate,bald tip length,1000-grain weight and double ear rate can be used as indicators for evaluating the tightness of spring maize in Guizhou.The grey correlation analysis showed that grain moisture content,stem water content,cob water content,loquat leaf moisture content,cob strength,plant height,ear height,dry matter accumulation,ground fifth section compression strength,lodging The 11 indicators of rate and the rate of return are highly correlated with the quality of mechanical grain harvest,which can be used as an evaluation index for Guizhou spring maize.7.Comprehensive analysis of yield,density and machine quality,screening of spring maize varieties in Guizhou tolerant to the machine is Xianyu1171,Zhongyu3and Xinzhongyu801.The rate of lodging,lodging rate,plant height,ear height,dry matter accumulation,and the strength of the fifth section of the ground can be used as the evaluation index of the spring maize varieties in Guizhou. |
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