Studies On Pharmacognosy Of Nandina Domestica Thunb.

Objective: Histomorphological of the Nandinae Radix,Nandinae Caulis,Nandinae Folium,Nandinae Fructus were studied in order to provide the basis for the identification of its authenticity and falsehood.The total composition of different medicinal parts and the pharmacological study of arsenic trioxide,an anti-tumor drug,were carried out in order to provide scientific basis for the further development and application of Nandina domestica Thunb.Method : In this paper,the origin and macroscopic identification were used to describe the plant morphology and the appearance characteristics of all medicinal parts.The microscopic characteristics of the medicinal parts,such as roots,stems,leaves,flowers,fruits and so on,were observed and photographed by paraffin sections and powder preparation.The contents of total polyphenols,flavonoids and alkaloids in 10 batches of the Nandinae Radix,Nandinae Caulis,Nandinae Folium,Nandinae Fructus were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry.Chronic arsenic trioxide poisoning model was used in this paper,serum creatinine(Scr)and urine creatinine(Ucr)levels were measured,in order to calculate creatinine clearance rate(Ccr).At the same time,the levels of malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)in liver and kidney of rats in each group was detected.and the pathological sections of kidney and liver were observed.Results: 1.The main identification characteristics of the transverse sections of the medicinal parts of Nandina domestica Thunb.were as follows:(1)Intermittent circular fiber bundles in the cortex of Nandinae Caulis and a cap-shaped fibrous bundle in the inner part of the xylem.(2)The fiber bundles around the main vascular bundles formed a ring and there were 1-2 rows of palisade cells in the main veins ofthe Nandinae Folium;The petiole cortex had 8 to 15 layers of fibrous bundles intermittently arranged in circles and crystalline sheath fibers.(3)There were multi-layered stone cells to form a ring in the mesocarp.The main characteristics of the powder identification of medicinal parts of Nandina domestica Thunb.were as follows:(1)The powder characteristics of Nandinae Radix and Nandinae Caulis mainly contained crystalliferous sclereid.(2)There were crystal sheath fibers and stomatal infinitive in the Nandinae Folium;(3)Pollen grains had 3-hole groove,the outer wall had obvious reticulate engraving pattern,the epidermal cells at the top of Corolla differentiated into papillary villi with reticulate keratinous texture,reticulate cells,fibers,sclereids and thick wall cells were numerous,and parenchyma cells contain square crystal;(4)There were a large number of branched sclereids and calcium oxalate square crystals in the Nandinae Fructus.2.The content of total polyphenols in the Nandinae Folium was the highest,which was about 1.1-4.0 times of Nandinae Fructus,3.0-7.5 times of Nandinae Radix,3.3-8.3 times of Nandinae Caulis.The content of total flavonoids in Nandinae Folium was also the highest,about 1.1-5.8 times of the Nandinae Fructus,4.2-19.8 times of the Nandinae Radix,and 9.7-31.2 times of the Nandinae Caulis;The content of the total alkaloids in the Nandinae Radix and the Nandinae Caulis were higher,and the content of the Nandinae Radix is mostly higher than that of the Nandinae Caulis,about 1.1-3.4 times that of Nandinae Caulis,1.7-6.3 times that of Nandinae Folium,1.4-4.6 times of the Nandinae Fructus.3.Compared with the model group,the rats in the combination group of Nandinae Radix,Nandinae Caulis,Nandinae Fructusthet were heavier,the kidney coefficient was lower,the levels of Ucr and Ccr were significantly increased,the content of MDA in the liver and kidney tissue was significantly decreased,the activities of SOD and CAT were significantly increased,The pathological damage of liver and kidney was alleviated.There was no significant difference in the activity of SOD in the liver between the Nandinae Folium combination group and the model group,but the changes of the other indexes were consistent with those of the above three groups.Conclutions:(1)In this study,the characters and microscopic characteristics of eachmedicinal material were determined,which provided scientific basis for the authenticity identification,the quality standard and the utilization of resources of Nandina domestica Thunb.(2)The contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids were the highest in the Nandinae Folium,and the contents of total alkaloids in the Nandinae Radix and Nandinae Caulis were higher,and the contents in the Nandinae Radixs were mostly higher than those in the Nandinae Caulis.The contents of the above three components in the Nandinae Radix,Nandinae Caulis,Nandinae Folium,Nandinae Fructu in different producing areas were quite different,which may be related to soil,climate,planting,harvest and ecological environment,which need to be further investigated.(3)The four medicinal parts had good protective effects on the kidney injury induced by arsenic trioxide oxidative stress.Except for the Nandinae Folium,the Nandinae Radix,Nandinae Caulis,Nandinae Fructus provided significant protection against arsenic trioxide oxidative stress-induced hepatotoxicity.In this study,the pharmacological activities of different medicinal parts of Nandina domestica Thunb.against chronic arsenic trioxide toxicity model rats were determined,which provided a basis for the further development of new medicinal materials to reduce the toxicity and side effects of arsenic trioxide,a broad-spectrum anticancer drug.