| Environmental abundance can increase the complexity of the environment,improve the physical and mental health problems of captive animals caused by environmental constraints,and thus improve their animal welfare.After the abundance of environment,whether the utilization of space is improved is a way to evaluate the abundance effect,five captives red panda(Ailurus fulegens)of Shanghai Zoo,was used to enhance the space utilization of the exhibition area by using environment abundance from January 2017 to April 2017.The environment is enriched by adding multi-combination high perch and low stool and changing the way of food storage.The results show that the environment has significantly improved the space utilization of the third floor(0.7m-1.5m)of the exhibition area(Z=-2.795,P=0.005),among which the space utilization of J3(Z=-2.795,P=0.005),F3(Z=-2.362,P=0.018),C2(Z=-2.795,P=0.005)and D2(Z=-2.795,P=0.005)with enrichmental facilities has significantly improved.The number of Spaces used,that is,the number of Spaces recorded for behavior,increased from 20 to 29.After the environment was enriched and accommodated,the climbing(Z=-1.984,P=0.047)and exploring behaviors of red pandas increased,and the marking and warning behaviors decreased.The number of spaces which red panda has marked behaviors increased from 19 to 23,and the frequency of marked behaviors increased in the area where enrichmental facilities were located.Experimental subject is four captive red pandas,and the effect of enrichment was evaluated by the behavior difference and the change of space utilization before and after enrichment.The results showed that climbing and moving behaviors were significantly increased(P<0.05)and resting and warming behaviors were significantly decreased(P<0.05).The fighting behaviors decreased significantly(P<0.05)and the marking behaviors decreased(P>0.05).After the abundance of food,the exploring behavior increased significantly(P<0.05),the resting behavior decreased significantly(P<0.05),the feeding behavior increased significantly(P<0.05),and the marking behavior decreased(P<0.05).After the enrichment of environment and food,SPI index of all individuals decreased.The space utilization of layer A and layer B(1-4m)was significantly increased,while that of layer C and layer D(4-8m)was decreased.After the abundance of food,the utilization rate of layer A,B and C(1-6m)increased significantly,while that of layer D(6-8m)decreased.After the environmental enrichment,the number of spaces which red panda has marking behaviors increased from 56 to 72,and it is increased to 81 after the food enrichment.In order to explore the differences in the intestinal microbial community structure of red panda of different ages,twelve healthy red pandas in hangzhou zoo in China were divided into three groups:sub-adult group,adult group and elderly group.The results showed that firmicutes,proteobacteria,bacteroidetes and acidobacteria accounted for 97%,while the sum of all the other bacteria accounted for less than 3%.Therefore,it can be seen that the first four bacteria play a very important role.The order with the highest and lowest intestinal microbial abundance of young red pandas was Lactobacillales.Enterobacteriales,Clostridiales and Erysipelotrichales.The order with the highest and lowest intestinal microbial abundance of adult red pandas was Enterobacteriales,Clostridiales and Lactobacillales Pseudomonadales.The order in which the intestinal microbial abundance of old red pandas decreased from high to low was Clostridiales,Enterobacteriales,Erysipelotrichales and Bacteroidales.Compared with the control group,the number of Clostridiales,Erysipelotrichales and Lactobacillales in the experimental group was increased.The proportion of Pseudomonadales,Bacillales and Aeromonadales was decreased.Compared with the control group,the proportion of Escherichia,Turicibacter and Streptococcus in the experimental group was increased,while that of Clostridium sensu stricto and Lysinibacillus was decreased.Both indoor and outdoor enrichment have a significant impact on the behavior of the red panda and it’s space utilization rate.After enrichment,the space utilization of the exhibition area of the red panda increases significantly.After the abundance of material enrichment and food enrichment,the marking behavior and sentinel behavior of the red panda were reduced.It indicats that the territory of the red panda was expanded after the environmental enrichment,which effectively alleviated the stress and competitive pressure caused by the small space and large number of individuals.The increase of the number of marking areas indicates that the abundant environment can help the red panda to expand the field scope within the limited exhibition space,and at the same time improve the utilization rate of the red panda to the area where the abundant environment facilities are located.In this experiment,when the red pandas in the second experimental group were fed with 400 concentrates per day,a series of significant changes in serum biochemical indexes occurred,and the abundance of intestinal microorganisms at both the order level and the genus level were significantly different,which had a serious impact on the physical health of animals.Therefore.the feeding amount of concentrated feed should be strictly controlled to ensure the physiological health of animals.To sum up,this study has certain reference significance for the breeding management of captive red pandas,and provides basic data for the study of intestinal microorganisms of the red pandas,which is of great significance for the study of captive red panda population. |
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