| In this experiment,soybean meal,corn and fat meal were replaced(equal energy and protein)by fermented wheat distiller's grains to study the growth performance,meat and milk quality of growing finishing pigs,broilers and cows,and apparent digestibility of dairy cows.And to explore the suitable proportion in the diets of pigs,chickens and dairy cows,and to provide a reasonable reference for the application and popularization of fermented wheat distiller's grains in large scale production.This test is divided into the following four parts:Experiment 1 Effects of the Fermented Wheat Distiller's Grains on Growth Performance and Meat Quality of PigsA total of 90 pigs weighing 47.87±6.03 kg were randomly divided into 3 groups according to similar body weight,including control group,group 1 and group 2.Each group had 2 replicates,15 replicates per replicate and 7 male 8 female.There was nosignificant difference in each repeat weight(P>0.05).The control group was fed with corn-soybean meal based diet,while the experimental group 1 and 2 were fed with 5%and 10%fermented wheat distiller's grains to replace soybean meal and com in the control group.The diets were calculated to be isonitrogenous and isoenergetic.The whole experimental period was 67 days.At the end of the experiment,the growth performance of finishing pigs was calculated,and the longissimus dorsi of the left side of the carcass was taken to determine the meat quality and amino acid,inosine monophosphate and fatty acid content.The results showed that the average daily gain of the group 2 was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in the average daily intake of each group(P>0.05).The ratio of material to weight in group 1 and group 2 was significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.05).The pH value,L*,a*,b*,drip loss,cooking loss,tenderness,intramuscular fat and amino acid content of pork had no significant effect(P>0.05),However,the contents of inosine,myristic acid and palmitoleic acid in group 1 were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.05).linolenic acid in control group and group 1 were significantly higher than those in group 2(P<0.05),eicosatrienoic acid in control group was significantly higher than those in group 1 and group 2(P<0.05),oleic acid and monounsaturated fatty acid in group 2 were significantly higher than those in control group,linoleic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid in control group.The contents of linoleic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid in the control group were significantly higher than those in the experimental group 2(P<0.05).The results showed that adding 5%and 10%fermented wheat distiller's grains in the diet could improve the average daily weight gain,reduce the feed weight ratio,improve the utilization rate of feed of growing finishing pigs,increase the content of inosine and some fatty acids,and improve the fresh flavor of meat.Experiment 2 Effects of Fermented Wheat Distiller's Grains on Performance and Nutrient Digestibility of Lactating CowsA total of 180 Holstein dairy cows with parity 1 to 3,180 days of lactation,similar average milk yield(33.58±7.44 kg)and no significant difference in body weight were randomly divided into control group,group ? and group ?.The control group was fed the original mixed diet,Each cow in group ? and group ? was fed with 1 kg and 2 kg fermented wheat distiller's grains to replace the basic concentrate,respectively?The diets were calculated to be isonitrogenous and isoenergetic.The pre-test period was 4 days and the trial period was 24 days.During the trial period,the feed intake of the cows was recorded every day,the milk yield was measured every 6 days,the milk samples were collected every 8 days to determine the milk quality,At the end of the experiment,feed and fecal samples were collected and nutrient digestibility was determined by acid insoluble ash method.The results showed that there was no significant difference in feed intake and milk yield among groups at all stages and throughout the experiment(P>0.05),but group I could improve milk yield at all stages and throughout the experiment to a certain extent.There was no significant difference in milk composition between groups on the 8th and 16th day(P>0.05).On the 24th day,the urea nitrogen content in test group II was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05)and test group I(P<0.05).The apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude fiber in group I and group II was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05).The results showed that it was feasible to replace 1 kg of basic concentrate with isoenergetic nitrogen of fermented wheat distiller's grains in dairy cow diet,which could improve milk yield and milk quality to a certain extent,and increase apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude fiber in diet.Experiment 3 Evaluation of Nutritional Value of Fermented Wheat Distiller's GrainsFed with ChickensSixteen adult healthy Hailan brown cocks were randomly divided into 4 groups,4 in each group,as a recording unit.Chickens are kept in single cages in male breeding coops.Metabolic energy and apparent metabolic rates of dry matter,crude protein,crude fat and crude fiber of fermented wheat distiller's grains were determined by forced feeding evacuation method.The experiment was divided into two stages:pre-feeding stage and formal stage.The pre-feeding period was 4 days,during which the roosters were free to eat and drink water.The official period is 4 days:the first two days are emptying period,and the second two days are fecal collection period.Drinking water freely during fasting and emptying.After fasting,each chicken was forced to feed 50 g of air-dried fermented wheat distiller's grains accurately by forcing feeder,and the end time of forcing feeding was recorded individually.After forcible feeding,the excrement was collected in dung trays for 48 hours,then dried to air-dried samples.The energy and conventional nutrient components were measured together with fermented wheat distiller's grains to calculate apparent metabolic rate.The results showed that the apparent metabolic energy,dry matter,crude fat,crude protein and crude fiber apparent digestibility(dry basis)of the fermented wheat distiller's grains diet were 11.31 MJ/kg,78.94%,88.79%,38.20%and 77.16%,respectively.Experiment 4 Effects of the Fermented Wheat Distiller's Grains on Growth Performance of Broilers400 one-day-old Huainan Mahuang chickens(male)were randomly divided intofour treatment groups:control group,experimental group 1,experimental group 2 and experimental group 3.Each group had four replicates,25 in each replicate.The control group was fed with corn-soybean meal based diet.Percentage points of fermented wheat distiller's grains in the diet of experiment 1,2 and 3 groups were 4,8 and 12,respectively.There was no significant difference in body weight among the groups.The experiment lasted 23 days.The growth performance of broilers was calculated at the end of the experiment.The results show that:The average daily gain of the control group was significantly higher than that of the experimental group(P<0.05),and the average daily gain of the experimental group 4 was significantly lower than that of the experimental group 2(P<0.05)and the experimental group 3(P<0.05).The weight ratio of the control group was significantly lower than that of the experimental group(P<0.05),and the weight ratio of the experimental group 4 was significantly higher than that of the experimental group 2(P<0.05)and the experimental group 3(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in average daily intake and mortality among groups(P>0.05).Therefore,fermented wheat distiller's grains are not suitable for feeding broilers. |
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