| This experiment was conducted to analysis nutrients and anti-nutrient of distiller's grains and fermented distiller's grains as well as the the simulative digestion of gross energy values,the metabolizable energy values of distiller's grains,fermented distiller's grains in ducks.Investigate the effects of diets contained with different levels of distiller's grains and fermented distiller's grains on production performance,slaughter performance,organ index,meat quality,serum biochemical parameters and lipid metabolism of 15-42 d C herry Valley Ducks.The aim of this experiment was to providing scientific basic of the application of distiller's grains and fermented distiller's grains in C herry Valley Ducks diets.The experiment contained four parts.The first part was co nventional nutrients analysis,distiller's grains and fermented distiller's grains were collected,dry matter,crude protein,crude fiber,crude fat,crude ash,calcium,total phosphorus,amino acids,fatty acid,gross energy,ethanol and aflatoxin toxins B1 were determinated in every samples.The second part was conducted to study the SDGE values of distiller's grains,fermented distiller's grains inducks.The third part was metabolic test,the metbolic energy and energy available of distiller's grains and fermented distiller's grains were determined by empty-force feeding method.24 similar weight grow-up male C herry Valley Ducks was randomly divided into four treatment groups,each repeated a fowl.The fourth part was the feeding trial.3300 healthy 15-day-old Cherry Valley ducks with two different genders were distributed into one-factor experiment for a total of 11 treatments with 6 replicates of 50 birds each and raised to 42 days.The treatments consisted of 6 level of distiller's grains and fermented distiller's grains of same metabolizable energy,same protein and same acid amino.The dietary treatments were designed as the unfermented diet which containing the distiller's grains 0,4 %,8 %,12 %,16 %and 20 %,respectively.And the fermented diet which containing fermented distiller's grains 4 %,8 %,12 %,16 %and 20 %,respectively.The experiment results showed that:(1)In the aspect of nutrients,the contents of crude protein and crude fiber in distiller's grains were 18.43 % and 24.15 %,respectively,which were lower than the contents of crude protein(24.75 %)and crude fiber(15.50 %)in fermented distiller's grains,the contents of lysine hydrochloride,methionine,threonine in distiller's grains were 0.36 %,0.12 %,0.50 % respectively,which were lower than the contents of lysine hydrochloride(0.61 %),methionine(0.20 %),threonine(0.74 %)in fermented distiller's grains.In the aspect of anti-nutrient,the contents of aflatoxin toxins B1 in distiller's grains were 3.52 ug/K g,which was higher than the contents of aflatoxin toxins B1(1.35 ug/K g)in fermented distiller's grains,the contents of ethanol in distiller's grains were 41.80 mg/kg,which was lower than the contents of ethanol(108.00 mg/kg)in fermented distiller's grains.The above results show that the fermented distiller's grains worse in crude protein,crude fiber,hydrolytic amino acids and aflatoxin B1,nutritional value is better than distiller's grains.(2)In the aspect of the simulative digestion of gross energy values,the SDGE of distiller's grains in ducks were 11.54 MJ/kg,which were significantly lower than that of the SDGE of fermented distiller's grains in ducks were 12.23 MJ/kg(P< 0.05).In the aspect of the metabolizable energy values,the apparent metabolizable energy(AME)values(10.42 MJ/kg),the true metabolizable energy(TME)values(11.29 MJ/kg),energy apparent available(55.01 %)of distiller's grains in Cherry Valley Ducks.The above results show that the ducks of energy utilization in fermented distiller's grains is better than that of distiller's grains.(3)In the aspect of production performance,the amount of distiller's grains significantly influenced the ducks: terminal weight,ADFI,ADG,F/G(P< 0.05),the terminal wight and ADG of 12% and 16% distiller's grains in ducks were significantly higher than that of 4% distiller's grains in ducks(P< 0.05),the F / G of 12% distiller's grains in ducks were significantly higher than that of 4% distiller's grains in ducks(P<0.05).The amount of fermented distiller's grains no significantly influenced the ducks production performance(P> 0.05).In the aspect of slaughter performance and organ index.The amount of distiller's grains significantly influenced Cherry Valley Ducks eviscerated,eviscerated yield rate and cardiac index(P< 0.05).The eviscerated,eviscerated yield rate and cardiac index of the cherry valley ducks feeded diet with 20% distiller's grains was found to be significantly lower than that of the 16% group(P< 0.05).The amount of fermented distiller's grains no significantly influenced Cherry Valley Ducks slaughter performance(P> 0.05).The different levels of distiller's grains and fermented distiller's grains significantly influence the experimental ducks gizzard and proventriculus weight(P< 0.05): The gizzard relative weights in 12 % distiller's grains group and 4 % fermented distiller's grains group were significantly lower than that of the control group(P< 0.05).The proventriculus relative weight in 4 % distiller's grains group and 16 % fermented distiller's grains group were significantly higher than that of the control group(P< 0.05).The above results show that diet with distiller's grains ratio above 16 % could have adverse effects on the eviscerated,eviscerated yield rate of cherry valley ducks,while diet with fermented distiller's grains ratio lower than 20 % didn't influence the growth performance,slaughter performance and organ index.(4)In the aspect of intestinal development,the different levels of distiller's grains significantly influence the relative weight of experimental ducks duodenum,jejunum,total intestinal segment,the relative length of the jejunum,ileum,total intestinal segment,the crypt depth of duodenum,jejunum crypt depth and the rate of duodenum villous height to the crypt depth(P< 0.05).The relative weight of the duodenum,jejunum,total intestinal in 16 % distiller's grains group segment were significantly higher than that of the control group(P< 0.05).The relative length of the jejunum,ileum,total intest inal segment in 20 % distiller's grains group were significantly lower than that of the control group(P< 0.05).The duodenum crypt depth of the 12 % distiller's grains group were significantly lower than that of the control group(P< 0.05).The crypt depth of the jejunum in 8 % distiller's grains group were significantly lower than that of the control group(P< 0.05).The different levels of fermented distiller's grains significantly influence the experimental ducks duodenum,jejunum relative weight,ileum relative length and jejunum crypt depth(P < 0.05).The duodenum,jejunum relative weight in 8 % fermented distiller's grains group were significantly higher than that of the control group(P< 0.05).The ileum relative length in 4 %,12 % fermented distiller's grains group were significantly lower than that of the control group(P< 0.05).The jejunum crypt depth in 20 % fermented distiller's grains group were significantly higher than that of the control group(P< 0.05).In the aspect of meat quality,The different levels of distiller's grains and fermented distiller's grains significantly influence the breast muscle pH of the experimental ducks after slaughtered 24,48 hours(P < 0.05): the experimental group were significantly higher than that of the different levels of distiller's grains after slaughtered 24 hours,and significantly higher than that of the different levels of fermented distiller's grains after slaughtered 48 hours(P< 0.05).In the aspect of serum biochemical parameters and lipid met abolism,the serum A/G ratio of the 8% distiller's grains group had a significantly higher level than that of the 20% distiller's grains group(P< 0.05);the ratio of AST/ALT in the control group was significantly higher than the 20% distiller's grains group(P< 0.05)The amount of fermented distiller's grains no significantly influenced Cherry Valley Ducks serum biochemical parameters and lipid metabolism(P> 0.05).The above results show that diet with 12% distillers' grains could promote duodenum development of the Cherry Valley ducks,diet with distillers' grains or fermented distiller's grains could improve their muscel qualities of the breast.Conclusion: Considering all the factors,in this experimental condition,in 15 to 42 day old period Cherry Valley Ducks diets recommended usage of distiller's grains and fermented distiller's grains were : 8 %~16 % and less than 20 %,respectively. |
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