Effects Of Fertilization On Growth And Physiological Characteristics Of Ornamental Peach Prunus Persica 'Yuanchun'

In order to understand the effect of fertilization on the growth and development of Ornamental Peach Prunus persica 'Yuanchun',and to select the best fertilization formula,providing theoretical guidance for the cultivation and management of 'Yuanchun'.In this study,pot experiment was conducted.Four-year-old Ornamental Peach 'Yuanchun' was taken as the research object.The orthogonal experiment of three factors N,P,K three levels was used to systematically study the effects of different fertilization ratios of nitrogen.phosphorus and potassium on growth indicators,nutrient status,photosynthetic characteristics and endogenous hormone indicators.The main results were as follows:The height increment,ground diameter increment,the aboveground dry weight,the underground dry weight and biomass dry weight of each treatment group were higher than those of the control group under different fertilization ratios of N,P and K.Three factors of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium had significant influence on the growth index of Prunus persica 'Yuanchun',which indicated that the ratio of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilization had a positive effect on the growth of Prunus persica 'Yuanchun' to a certain extent,and nitrogen element had the greatest influence on each index.Compared with the control,fertilization had little effect on flower morphology and flowering period.The optimum treatment for seedling height increment was T7(N3P1K3).The best treatment for ground diameter increment was T1(N1P1K1).Ground diameter increment,the aboveground dry weight,the underground dry weight and biomass dry weight were the best at N1 level.The best combination for biomass dry weight was N1P3K2,which can be predicted by variance analysis.Compared with the non-fertilized group CK,soluble sugar and soluble protein increased in all fertilized groups.There were significant difference in soluble sugar and soluble protein in leaves of Prunus persica 'Yuanchun' under different fertilization ratios.With the passage of time,both of them showed the trend of rising first and then declining.The order of effects of three factors N,P and K on soluble sugar and soluble protein was N>P>K.The third level of P could promote the accumulation of soluble sugar and soluble protein.The medium level of nitrogen and potassium was beneficial to the accumulation of sugar.Higher level of nitrogen and potassium were beneficial to the accumulation of protein.There were significant differences in endogenous hormone contents in leaves of Prunus persica 'Yuanchun' under different fertilization treatments.With the passage of time,the content of endogenous hormones in leaves decreased first and then increased.Nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers had different effects on endogenous hormones.Nitrogen fertilizer had the greatest effect on IAA and ZR,phosphorus fertilizer had the greatest effect on ABA and potassium fertilizer had the greatest effect on GA3.At N3K3 level,IAA,GA3 and ZR increased.On this basis,The level of P1 was beneficial to the increase of GA3 content.The level of P2 was beneficial to the accumulation of IAA and ZR.The effect of different fertilization ratios on chlorophyll content in leaves was different.The effect of phosphorus fertilizer was the most obvious,and the effect of P2 level on chlorophyll was the best.The diurnal variation curves of leaves of Prunus persica'Yuanchun' under different fertilization treatments were measured.In July,P_n,G_s and T_r of leaves of Prunus persica 'Yuanchun' showed a "double peak" curve,while C_i showed a"W" curve.In September,P_n,G_s and T_r were inverted "V" while C_i was "V".In July and September,among the three factors of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,the effect of nitrogen on photosynthetic indexes was the most obvious.The order of influence of nitrogen factor each level was:N2>N1>N3.The effect of second levels of nitrogen on photosynthesis was the best,while that of phosphorus fertilizer was the best.Potassium fertilizer need less in the early stage and more in the later stage.Therefore,increasing potassium fertilizer could be considered in production practice.Compared with the control group,fertilization could significantly increased the content of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in leaves of Prunus persica 'Yuanchun'.In this experiment,phosphorus and potassium had similar changes in the whole growth cycle.However,different fertilization ratios had different effect on the nutrient content in leaves of Prunus persica 'Yuanchun'.The dominant order of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in Prunus persica 'Yuanchun' was different.Nitrogen fertilizer had the greatest effect on N element in leaves.The next was potassium fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer.Nitrogen fertilizer was good for the absorption of N,while potassium fertilizer is beneficial for the absorption of P and K.At K2 level,the accumulation of N,P and K in leaves was the most obvious.Through the comprehensive evaluation of the membership function of the measured indicators,it could be found that T5(N2P2K3)performed best,and considering comprehensively,the optimum fertilization ratio for Prunus persica 'Yuanchun' growth was:Nitrogenous fertilizer 2g/plant,phosphate fertilizer 2g/plant,potassium fertilizer 3g/plant.