| Atractylodes japonica is a perennial herb of Atractylodes DC.of Compositae.A.japonica is often used as amedicine to treat gastric ulcer,chronic gastritis and digestive system diseases in Northeast China,which is a genuine medicine in Northeast China.In recent years,the demand for A.japonica has increased.The production methods relying on excavation in the field have caused the shortage of A.japonica medicines,but,technical research of seedling propagation and artificial cultivation is far from enough.the research on seedling propagation and artificial cultivation techniques is far from enough.In this paper,the germination characteristics of A.japonica seeds in Jiagdaqi and Bei’an areas were compared.The effects of shading on growth characteristics and active ingredients of A.japonica were also studied by means of intercropping with maize.In addition,the content of three main effective substances in 15 samples from different regions,different growing years and shading treatments were determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).At the same time,the optimal chromatographic conditions for the determination of the active ingredients of A.japonica were optimized,so that it can simultaneously determine the three main active ingredients of A.japonica.The main results of this study are as follows:(1)The 1000-seed weight of A.japonica in Bei’an and Jiagdaqi were 11.27 ± 0.02 g and 12.24 ± 0.03 g,respectively.The water content of the seeds of A.japonica were 6.25 ± 0.02%and 9.96 ± 0.05%respectively.Their water absorption rate are 131.89 ± 3.44%and 149.73 ±1.87%respectively.The seed activity of A.japonica in Bei’an and Jiagdaqi were 88.67±I.15%and 96.00 ± 2.00%respectively.The germination rate were 88.67±7.64%and 86.33 ±4.93%,respectively.The germination potential of A.japonica were 81.00±4.36%and 73.00±11.27%,respectively.The germination index were 16.77 ±1.51 and 20.98 ± 2.59%,respectively.The seeds of Jagdaqi have better germination characteristics.A comprehensive comparison of the two seed samples,Jiagdaqi’s A.japonica seeds is superior in germplasm,and the seeds of A.japonica belong to rapidly water-absorbing seeds.(2)The optimum liquid chromatography conditions for the determination of active ingredients in A.japonica was as this:acetonitrile(A):deionized water(B)=80:20;flow rate:1.2 ml/min;detection wavelength:220 nm and 335 nm;injection volume:20 μL;detection time:12 min;column temperature:room temperature.The retention time of atractylenolide Ⅱ,atractylodin and atractylone were 4.587 min,5.512 min and 10.086 min,respectively.The retention time of atractylenolide was the same at 220 and 335 nm.The linear ranges of the concentrations of atractylodin,atractylone and atractylenolide Ⅱ were 1.90-60.67 μg/ml,53.82-1722.22 μg/ml and 21.88-420.00 μg/ml respectively.(3)The contents of atractylenolide II,atractylodin and atractylone in A.japonica in Heihe area were the highest,which were 11791.17 ±49.88 μg/g,420.03 ± 3.06 μg/g and 3132.95±141.12 μg/g respectively.The content of atractylenolide Ⅱ in Acheng was the lowest,and the content of atractylodin in Raohe County was 46.19 ± 0.07 μg/g.The lowest content of atractylone was 28540.90 ± 110.03 pg/g of Panshi in Jilin.The content of effective substances in the samples of A.japonica was:Atractylone>Atractylenolide Ⅱ>Atractylodin.The order of medicinal value of A.japonica from high to low is:Heihe City>Raohe County>Bei‘an City>Panshi>Acheng.Wild A.japonica in Heihe City has higher medicinal value，while the medicinal value of wild A.japonica in Acheng District is relatively low.(4)With the extension of cultivation time,the content of atractylenolide II in A.japonica increased year by year,and the content of atractylone first increased and then decreased to the maximum in the second year.The content of atractylodin in A.japonica produced in Bei’an City decreased and then increased with time,and the content of atractylodin in Bamiantong increased year by year.In the third year of growth of A.japonica,part of Atractylone was oxidized to atractylenolideII.(5)Moderate shading is conducive to the accumulation of effective substances in A.japonica.Moderate shading conditions is conducive to the accumulation of atractylone II and atractylone,and low shading is conducive to the accumulation of atractylodin.In order to produce more medicinal herbs of A.japonica,moderate shading should be used in field planting.In summary,the seeds of A.japonica produced by Jiagedaqi have better germination characteristics,and the roots of A.japonica in Heihe have the highest medicinal value.In the process of artificial cultivation and seedling breeding,attention should be paid to selecting high-quality provenances in artificial cultivation.The process should be moderately shaded to increase its medicinal value. |
