Study On Characteristics Of Soil And Water Loss And Prevention Technology In Bauxite Mining Area Of Sanmenxia City

The ecological environment destruction caused by mining exploitation and utilization has been the focus of people's attention in recent years,and soil erosion is its main form of expression,the construction of green mines is one of the important contents of realizing"green water and green mountains are golden mountains and silver mountains".Sanmenxia city is located in the loess hilly area of western Henan,which is sensitive to ecological environment,which characteristics of soil and water loss caused by mining,especially bauxite mining,are typical of the region.It is of great significance to study the characteristics of soil and water loss in bauxite mining area and its prevention and control technology for vegetation restoration and reconstruction of soil and water loss prevention in mining area,reduction of sediment inflow into Yellow River and protection of flood control safety in lower Yellow River.The typical bauxite in the area near the main stream of the Yellow River in Sanmenxia Lakeside district,Shanzhou district and Mianchi counties was studied in this paper.The theory of soil erosion,soil and water conservation,soil science,ecology,geomorphology,geography,and 3S and statistical analysis are applied.Using Resource 3 Surveying and Mapping Satellite,high resolution remote sensing image,survey data of Jinshui river small watershed observation station,runoff observation field of Wuhualing,typical bauxite mining area and soil sample experimental analysis data,soil and water conservation and control achievements of bauxite and other data,also using ArcGIS,Excel 2010 and other software,the change and response of soil and water loss influencing factors during the development and construction of bauxite mine in Sanmenxia city were analyzed.The characteristics and development rules of soil and water loss in bauxite mining area of Sanmenxia city are explored.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Analyzing the spatial distribution characteristics of the bauxite area in Sanmenxia city by using ArcMap10.2 interpreting Resource 3 Surveying and Mapping Satellite high-resolution images of Sanmenxia city and LocalSpace Viewer mobile terminal APP for on-site review,choosing Yadi,Yuli,Shijiazhuang,Wachapo,Qiligou–xiaoli,Luhualing,Shuiquanwa,Guanjiadi 8 typical bauxite analyzed impact on soil and water loss factor and the revised universal soil loss equation(RUSLE)of various factors.The results showed that mining activities had no influence on rainfall erosion force and factors of soil and water conservation measures,both of which were regional background values 1100.1530MJ mm/(hm~2·h)and1;the control indexes of topographic factor,vegetation cover and management factor should be no less than 7.8863 and 0.2038,which can have obvious effects on the occurrence and development of soil erosion;after mining disturbance,soil bulk density increased from1.18~1.23g/cm~3 to 1.27~1.50g/cm~3,moisture content increased from 11.31%~11.69%to12.30%~15.90%,and soil porosity decreased from 55.43%~59.04%to 43.52%~50.94%,and soil organic matter content decreased from 0.48%~0.52%to 0.08%~0.29%,all of which resulted in the increase of soil erodibility factors.(2)Through the analysis of the occurrence and development process of soil and water loss in four typical bauxite areas Shijiazhuang,Luhualing,Yadi and Wacha slope,the results show that:the degree of soil and water loss in bauxite mining area starts from the period of foundation construction,and the amount of soil and water loss accounts for 9%~20%of the total amount of soil and water loss;the maximum soil and water loss occurred in the mining service period,accounting for more than 65%of the total soil and water loss,soil and water loss decreases gradually in the natural recovery period,accounting for 15%~25%of the total amount of soil and water loss in bauxite mining area.Soil and water loss in bauxite mining area mainly occurs in open stope and dump,and the soil and water loss in water power supply pipeline area is the minimum;Luhualing,Ya di and Wacha slope bauxite open pit area of soil and water loss were respectively accounted for 73.48%and 48.27%42.18%of the total soil erosion;Luhualing,Ya di and Wacha slope bauxite mine slope soil loss respectively accounted for 71.00%40.89%16.93%and 47.49%of the total water loss and soil erosion,Luhualing,Ya di and Wacha slope bauxite water power supply pipeline area of soil and water loss,respectively accounted for only 0.93%0.74%and 0.06%of the total soil erosion.(3)The Sanmenxia bauxite mining area water and soil erosion prevention and control technology system mainly includes slope protection and soil(residue)blocking,drain,land reclamation,vegetation reconstruction and temporary protection,prevention and control of the key technologies:slope protection mainly includes the cutting slope and all kinds of slope protection,cutting slope open level to control can effectively reduce the slope of slope factor index of 7.8863,slope protection can improve the conditions of underlying surface and change slope catchment flow,which combination is a slope prevention and control technology system;soil(slag)blocking can effectively keep the stability of the reconstituted accumulation landform slope foot,and locally reduce topographic factors,mainly including permanent blocking and temporary blocking,which is the key technology of soil(slag)prevention and control technology system;drainage is one of the key technologies to prevent soil erosion in bauxite mining area;land remediation can ensure that soil erodibility factors can be rapidly restored to the original landform level after the interference of mining activities,mainly including topsoil stripping collection and utilization and land leveling,which are essential key technologies for vegetation restoration and reconstruction;vegetation reconstruction is the core technology that can effectively prevent and control soil and water loss and restore the mining area ecosystem;temporary protection is an important part of the key technology system of soil and water conservation.(4)Combining with the characteristics of soil and water loss in the bauxite area of Sanmenxia city and the prevention and control technology system,the key prevention and control technologies are analyzed with reference to relevant technical specifications,and the design key points and reference schemes are proposed.