| Blood glucose is an important indicator of the cow's Negative enery balance(NEB).Many perinatal diseases can change blood glucose levels.However,the current research on blood glucose is mostly directed to the changes of blood glucose in other diseases,or only to the changes of hypoglycemia indicators,lack of the topic of abnormal blood glucose as a factor.the study.In addition,biochemical instruments and commercial kits are currently used as means for detecting blood glucose,but small and medium-sized dairy farms and aquaculture retailers are inconvenient to purchase related instruments and supporting facilities.At the same time,the measurement and storage of samples until the detection process requires a certain period of time.The distortion of the detected value appears.Human medicine uses a handheld glucometer as a convenient bedside detection tool.The glucometer has been reported on dairy cows,but no reports have been found on the use of the ACCU-CHEK handheld glucometer to detect cow's blood glucose.The purpose of this study is to explore the use of ACCU-CHEK medical handheld glucometer to detect the blood glucose of dairy cows;to detect the prevalence and incidence of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia in dairy cows,and the abnormal health of postpartum cows Impact;explore the dynamic changes in blood biochemical indicators of postpartum hypoglycemic cows and postpartum hyperglycemia cows and the correlation between blood glucose and other indicators.Experiment 1:The performance of the glucometer to detect the blood glucose of the cow.Glucometer and commercial kit were used to detect 412 cows'jugular vein blood samples in a dairy farm in Nanning.The paired t-test and clinical statistical indicators were used to test the glucometer's instrument sensitivity of 37.9%.The specificity was 99.2%,the accuracy was 94.9%;the instrument sensitivity for the diagnosis of cow's hyperglycemia was 83.9%,the specificity was 93.2%,and the accuracy was 92.5%.The instrument showed poor performance when testing samples with blood glucose<2.78 mmol/L,but passed Bland.-Altman plot finds that the bias is within the statistically plausible range.Finally,the data was regressed by Passing-Bablok,and the linear regression formula of the glucometer and the reference method was obtained:reference method value(mmol/L)=0.98*glucometer value(mmol/L)-0.066_Experiment 2:Using glucometer to investigate the changes of blood glucose in dairy cows in a dairy farm in Nanning.The experiment was conducted in the delivery stage of dairy cows in 2017 and 2018(September-December).Blood glucose was measured weekly from the day of calving calving to 5 weeks after delivery.A total of 130 postpartum dairy cows were tested(57,2017,2018).73 heads)The results showed that the prevalence of hyperglycemia was highest in dairy cows on the day of calving,40.3%(23/57)in 2017 and 15.1%(11/73)in 2018.The prevalence of postpartum decreased with the number of days;1-3 weeks after delivery The incidence of hypoglycemia increased by up to 34.3%(25/73).When cows have high blood glucose on the day of delivery,cows have a higher incidence of inflammation such as metritis(OR=5.3),and the incidence of ketosis in hypoglycemic cows is higher than that in the control group(OR=2.1).Experiment 3:Dynamic monitoring of blood glucose and blood biochemical indicators in postpartum dairy cows.Hyperglycemia group(HG,glucose>4.1 mmol/L),hypoglycemia group(LG,glucose<2.78 mmol/L)and control group(CG,2.78 mmol/L?glucose.4.1 mmol/L)were set according to the following blood glucose standards.The experimental cows and sampling methods are the same as the previous experiments.In the 6 times of blood glucose measurement after the cow s postpartum blood glucose determination,if the blood glucose level of the above-mentioned hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia group meets the requirements of the above-mentioned hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia group,the corresponding experimental group is included,and the cows whose blood glucose levels meet the requirements of the control group are included in the control group..Finally,42 cows(14 in each group)were selected for partial detection of glucose metabolism,liver function,renal function and lipid metabolism.The results showed that most of the biochemical indicators of abnormal blood glucose cows were compared with the control group during the week.More dramatic fluctuations were observed,but no significant differences were observed;however,some indicators were correlated with blood glucose fluctuations.Correlation analysis was performed for all groups of cows.The following indicators were significantly associated with blood glucose:creatinine(n=156,r=0.321)),urea nitrogen(n = 150,r =-0.410),total lipid(n = 173,r =-0.380)and total cholesterol(n = 174,r =-0.332),lactic acid(n = 155,r = 0.182)),total bilirubin(n = 156,r = 0.210),indirect bilirubin(n = 156,r = 0.247).In the HG group,blood glucose was significantly correlated with total lipids(n=119,r=-0.356),total cholesterol(n=120,r=-0.302),and urea nitrogen(n=114,r=-0.306),LG.The blood glucose was significantly correlated with urea nitrogen(n=102,r=-0.546),total cholesterol(n=126,r=-0.321),total lipid(n=126,r=-0.304).Conclusion:The glucometer test results are slightly higher than the biochemical method,but the two methods have high consistency and can be used to detect cow's blood glucose after calibration.The incidence of hyperglycemia on the day of delivery is 40.3%,indicating that glucose should not be injected intravenously on the day of delivery.The incidence of hypoglycemia is closely related to ketosis in 2-3 weeks after delivery.It is necessary to provide energy supply as much as possible.Abnormal blood glucose causes fluctuations in some blood biochemical indicators of dairy cows.Fluctuation indicators are related to protein and body fat mobilization.It suggests that monitoring the blood glucose level of dairy cows can help the cows to intervene in time to avoid cows NEB. |
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