The Distribution Patterns Of Plant Species Diversity And Its Drivers Of Forest Communities In The Songshan,Beijing

The Songshan area of Beijing has typical warm-temperate deciduous broad-leaved forests in North China.The community function group are complete and the structure are complex.It ca n be used to verify and develop species coexistence and diversity maintenance for profound un derstanding of the interactions between the structural layers of the forest communities in this ar ea.And then it is of great significance to realize the effective protection and sustainable utilizat ion of forest biodiversity.In this study,a plant sample survey was conducted on the major 7 f orest communities in Songshan,and the following conclusions were drawn based on the analysi s of the external industry survey and the internal data processed:(1)The investigation records 132 species of vascular plants,belong to 47 families and 104 genera.The forest community has typical warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest chara cteristics.Herbaceous plant are the main component of forest species richness in this area,and mainly with perennial,The distribution patterns of three function group(tree layer,shrub layer a nd herbaceous layer)plants are mainly temperate,Tropical and pantropical flora are widely dis tributed,The degree of endemism plants is low,it is recommended that protective measures be taken for monophyly plants.(2)With altitude increased,the species diversity of the tree layer increased first and then decreased.shrub layer changed not obvious.And herbaceous layer decreased significantly with a ltitude.Species diversity of tree layer and herb layer in different forest community types in So ngshan differed significantly,while there was no significant difference in species diversity of th e shrub layer.The highest tree species richness index is the Tilia mongolica community,and th e highest alpha diversity index is the Tilia mongolica community too,The highest species richn ess of the shrub layer was the community about Tilia mongolica,while the lowest was the Qu ercus mongolica community The highest species richness of herbaceous was in the community of Pinus tabulaeformis and then was Juglans mandshurica.While,the community of Betula dav urica was the lowest.(3)Biological,abiotic,and spatial factors have significant effects on species composition among functional groups(tree layer,shrub layer,and herbaceous layer)in the forest communiti es,but the relative roles of these factors are not consistent among three functional groups.The species composition of the arbor layer and the shrub layer is affected more by abiotic factors(elevation,slope direction,soil total carbon)and spatial factors;but biological factors(forest de nsity and canopy density)and space influenced the herb layer greatly.In addition,there is a ce rtain proportion of unexplained parts of species composition in the three groups,indicating that other unknown potential factors also have an important impact on the species composition of t he forest communities.A comprehensive understanding of the maintenance mechanism of specie s diversity in different forest functional groups of Songshan or the warm-temperate deciduous b road-leaved forests in North China require consideration of the effects of disturbances,seasonal plants,and random ecological processes comprehensively(4)Protection and advice.The protection of different forest communities in Songshan sho uld consider the influencing factors of different community types and their functional groups.W ith the increasing development of mountain tourism,especially the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympi cs will hold in the Songshan area of Yanqing,scientific and rational management measures sho uld be taken to deal with relevant social activities.