A Study On England Sheep-farming From 1272 To 1347

Sheep-farming is an important part of the rural economy in medieval England.Due to the superior climate and geographical conditions,the majority of the rural areas in England have developed the shepherd industry,meadows,pastures and even wastelands that are suitable for the development of the sheep industry.Because of different natural conditions,different regions have different levels of development.In general,along the line from Devon to Pickering Valley,the national shepherd industry can be divided into two parts.The level of development in the east of the line is higher than in the west.The shepherd industry in medieval England is not without technology and management.Instead,a complete hierarchical management structure has formed at the time.According to its own situation,the farm adopts different feeding modes based on feeding techniques to prevent and cure the disease of the flock and control the feeding cost,so that the mortality rate of the flock is reduced to the minimum.The number of flocks reached the highest value before the Black Death in the 1420 s.Since 1272,the three kings of Edward have repeatedly waged wars to try to unify the British Isles.In order to raise military expenses and obtain loans,they mortgaged the wool export tax to Italians and domestic businessmen.At the end of the 13 th century,England introduced a number of decrees to promote the development of the wool textile industry,which led some businessmen to find new business opportunities,so they began to develop the wool textile industry.England has gradually transformed from a wool raw material exporter to a woolen processed exporter.Wool and woolen fabrics make social wealth accumulate rapidly.In addition to wool and woolen fabrics,there are many other products in the sheep industry.These products promote agricultural production,improve the living standards of farmers and affect the lifestyle of farmers.At the same time,the products of these shepherds are traded in urban bazaars,which deepens the exchange between rural and urban areas,accelerates the process of urban-rural integration and promotes the development of urbanization.King Edward III attaches great importance to the development of woolen industry,but the guild system has become the bondage of its development.At this time,the rural hydraulic technology has improved and the rural areas are closer to the raw materials.Therefore,the handicraftsmen in the city have entered the countryside for production,which has caused the guild system to collapse and brought labor and technology to the countryside.The profitability of the wool industry has enabled more businessmen to join the industry.The emergence of the labor division in the production of wool fabric,the increasing employment in rural areas and the infiltration of commodity relations and free atmosphere in the city,all of these factors have shaken the feudal manor system in rural England.All in all,sheep-farming has changed in both rural and urban societies and made a major impact on the history of England.