Studies And Popularize On Key Production Technology Of Auricularia Auricula In Northern Henan

Auricularia auricula is an edible fungus with both food and medicine.With the improvement of living standard,the demand for A.auricula increases year by year,and the market price is higher,so the promotion of A.auricula has certain economic value.Northeast of China is the main producing area of A.auricula.At present,whole-light spray cultivation is the most widely adopted cultivation mode in northeast of China,but the cultivation methods should be adapted to local conditions due to different climatic conditions.According to the climate characteristics of northern Henan province,this paper systematically studied the tissue separation,drilling time,drilling density,overwintering hydration,cultivation mode and mineral content of A.auricula,which provides theoretical reference for the extension of A.auricula in north henan province.The research results are as follows:(1)In the tissue separation of A.auricula,the disinfection effect of highly effective compound phenol was significantly higher than that of traditional mercuric injection disinfection method and dry ear-alcohol method.The success rate of dry ear-alcohol method was only 30%,and that of mercuric disinfection method was 65%.When the concentration was 8% and lasted for 3min,the high-efficiency compound phenol had the best disinfection effect,and all mycelia germinated after 6 days without infection,the success rate is 100%.(2)When A.auricula was cultivated in spring and autumn,the biological characteristics and yield of A.auricula were significantly affected by different punching time and density.A.auricula in the spring,the most suitable cultivation time(punching)is the mid to late march(temperature around 10 ℃),which are 165 holes for the corresponding punching densities(bacterium rod specifications 16 cm x 36 cm).so that the A.auricula are dry yield the highest,up to 61.05 g/bag.Experiments are conducted to the bioconversion rate of A.auricula was 122.1% by this scheme.Similarly,A.auricula in the autumn,the most suitable cultivation time(punching)is the mid to late September(temperature around 10 ℃),which are 198 holes for the corresponding punching densities(bacterium rod specifications 16 cm x 36 cm).so that the A.auricula are dry yield the highest,up to 49.59 g/bag.Experiments are conducted to the bioconversion rate of A.auricula was 99% by this scheme.(3)A.auricula is cultivated in overwintering,should complement water fertilizer,fill water amount is 500 g.A2B3C1(0.2% KH2PO4,0.4% glucose,0.2% urea)had the highest yield,ash content and water content,respectively 59.67g/bag,39.38mg/g and 95.08%.A3B3C2(0.4% KH2PO4,0.4% glucose,0.4% urea)had the highest soluble protein content,polysaccharide content,and flavonoid content,which were 5.41mg/g,33.54mg/g,and 3.58mg/g,respectively.A2B3C1 was considered as the optimal formula.(4)A.auricula cultivation in the spring,when using single sun-shade net processing(average light intensity 2481.54 Lx,average temperature 21.43 ℃,the average humidity 77.67%),dry production of A.auricula is the highest,59.82 g/bag.Full-light treatment of A.auricula in spring,(The average light intensity 10776.5 Lx,average temperature 23.61 ℃,the average humidity is 26.36%)the contents of water-soluble polysaccharide,soluble protein and ash were 34.72mg/g,6.23mg/g and 36.66mg/g,respectively.Considering the cultivation of A.auricula in north henan in spring,single sun-shade net should be used.The yield and nutrient content of A.auricula were the highest under full-light condition(the average light intensity 8876.25 Lx,average temperature 18.24 ℃,the average humidity of 62.24%)in autumn,and the yield was 55.52mg/g.(5)The mineral components in the fruiting bodies of A.auricula in northern henan were determined,and it was found that A.auricula had a strong enrichment effect on iron,calcium and zinc,which were 421.62mg/kg,4234.31mg/kg and 16.02mg/kg,respectively.The content of lead,cadmium,mercury and arsenic in the fruidium of A.auricula is relatively low,which is 0.178mg/kg,0.021mg/kg,0.038mg/kg and 0.066mg/kg respectively.All of these elements do not exceed the standard and are far below the national standard.They are safe to eat.