| Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)is one of the most important food crops in the word.In order to improve the yield of wheat,the amount of fertilizer application increased year by year,which led to environmental pollution and the change of soil properties.Fertilization is an important measure to improve wheat production.Therefore,more and more attention has been paid to increasing the utilization ratio of fertilizer and reducing the pollution of nutrient loss.As a new type of fertilizer,the release rate of fertilizer in soil is consistent with the nutrient absorption of crops,and had an important effect on Wheat Yield and fertilizer use efficiency.In this study,the effects of slow and controlled release fertilizers on wheat growth,yield,quality and fertilizer use efficiency were studied under field conditions.The main results are as follows:1.Effects of slow and controlled release fertilizers on soil nutrients and nutrient uptake and utilization of WheatThe dry matter accumulation increased with the growth of Wheat,Slow and controlled release fertilizers treatment compared with chemical fertilizer treatment could improve Wheat middle and later periods of dry matter accumulation.Without chemical fertilizer and lack of single fertilizer treatment significantly reduce the accumulation of wheat dry matter,and the decrease of dry matter in PK and CK treatments was much higher than that of other treatments.Compared with the full amount of chemical fertilizer,slow and controlled-release fertilizers treatment could improve soil middle and later periods of alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen content,slow and controlled-release fertilizers A could improve soil middle and later periods of available phosphorus and available potassium content,The B,C and D treatments of slow and controlled release fertilizers had no significant difference in total P and K in wheat and soil at different growth stages.Without N application(PK),without P application(NK)and without K application(NP)treatment decreased the contents of N,P and K in soil.In the whole growth period of Wheat.In the whole growth period of wheat,the nutrient content of plants showed a decreasing trend,and the nutrient accumulation showed a trend of continuous increase.Slow controlled release fertilizer A promoted the absorption of P and K in the middle and late stage of the plant,and increased the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer,and controlled release fertilizer B,C and D in different growth stages on nutrient uptake and Utilization ratio of P and K fertilizer and chemical fertilizer treatment had no significant difference.Compared with the full amount of chemical fertilizer,no fertilization decreased the content of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,and decreased the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium.2.Effects of slow and controlled release fertilizers on yield and quality of WheatThe A,B and D treatments of slow and controlled release fertilizers could increase the grain yield of Wheat,The slow and controlled release fertilizers C treatment decreased slightly,but the difference was not significant.The application of slow and controlled-release fertilizers had better effect on wheat flour GMP,but had little effect on protein content,dry and wet gluten content.Slow and controlled release fertilizers had different effects on wheat solvent retention capacity.Without N application(PK),without P application(NK),without K application(NP)and without chemical fertilizer(CK)treatment compared with chemical fertilizer decreased water SRC and lactic acid SRC,increased sucrose SRC and sodium carbonate SRC,but the difference was not significant.As the grain level within the move,the contents of protein,dry and wet gluten and GMP in grain increased first and then decreased,and recovered slightly in the seventh layer.The slow and controlled release fertilizers A and B treatment could improve the protein content,dry and wet gluten content and GMP content of two to five levels of grain,the slow controlled release of A increased significantly.Compared with chemical fertilizer treatment,without N application(PK),without P application(NK),without K application(NP)and without chemical fertilizer(CK)treatment affect the growth of Wheat,and reduces the quality of the flour and grain at different levels,including nitrogen effect on the quality of the flour and grain at different levels is the largest,among them,without N application had the greatest effect.In summary,Slow and controlled release fertilizers had a certain effect on the yield and quality of wheat,Slow and controlled release fertilizers treatment could improve soil middle and later periods of alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen content,promote plant absorption of nitrogen and improve the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer,increase the accumulation of wheat in the middle and later growth stage,and increase the yield of wheat,improved the protein content of two to five levels of grain and solvent retention capacity of wheat. |
