Sex Comparison Of Caged Magpies(Pica Serica)Based On Transcriptome Analysis Of Blood And Feather Follicles

Under cage conditions,birds are exposed to a range of environmental stresses,such as diet structure,activity space,human disturbances,and pathogen infections.These stresses may be reflected in the gene expression of birds' blood or other tissues,both male and female.The difference in phenotype is the largest variation within the species.Does the male or female response to these stresses also differ?Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of these stress responses and their differences in expression between males and females will help improve the welfare of the animals.To this end,the study collected the blood and feather follicle tissues of 11 male and female Pica serica,which were raised in the same environment,and used the second-generation sequencing technology to complete the transcriptome sequencing and analysis of the samples to detect the cage.Under the conditions of the Oriental Magpies,the gene expression of feather follicles and the molecular mechanism of response to environmental stress,the results are as follows:The raw data was processed to produce high quality reads of approximately 100 Gb and 58 Gb,respectively(the feather follicle had 2 samples failed to sequence).According to the new organization,420,291 unigenes were obtained from the blood,and 434,967 unigenes were obtained from the feather follicles,of which 179,316 unigenes were in the blood,and 171,632 unigenes in the feather follicles were annotated into nr,Swiss-prot,COG,and KEGG databases.The most closely related species in the protein database nr is the Corvus cornix Linnaeus.The most function of blood and feather follicle gene annotation into COG is signal transduction;the most annotated function in GO is binding;the most commented pathway to KEGG is the signal transduction pathway.Analysis of male and female differentially expressed genes showed that there were 2,657 unigenes in the blood and 881 unigenes in the feather follicles were significantly differentially expressed(q<0.1).The GO function enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes and the enrichment analysis of KEGG pathway showed that blood genes were significantly correlated with cell growth,energy metabolism,immunity,and stress response functions;feather follicle genes were significantly associated with cell growth,development,differentiation,and melanin synthesis.Among them,female blood prefers to express anti-stress,energy-sensitive,immune and other related genes;male feather follicles prefer to express tissue growth,development,differentiation and melanin synthesis and other related genes.Comparison of the blood transcriptome with the feather follicle transcriptome revealed that the gene expression patterns of the two tissues were similar in only a few respects.The conclusions that can be inferred from the results are as follows:1.Female oriental magpie may be sensitive to environmental stress and cellular energy changes;in the face of environmental stress,females may up-regulate anti-stress genes to resist various environmental stresses,and can regulate the body more rapidly.Energy metabolism adapts to environmental changes.2.Male oriental magpie feather follicles have a biased for expression of tissue growth,development,differentiation and melanin synthesis-related genes,indicating that male feather follicle cells may have faster growth rate,more melanin in feathers;The feather follicle gene expression pattern and blood gene expression patterns vary widely.3.The dose imbalance of sex chromosome genes in the oriental magpies and the dose compensation is an incomplete compensation mechanism.