Effect Of Different Rearing Modes And Stocking Density On Slaughter Performance,Meat Quality And Enteric Microorganism Of Xueshan Chicken

In recent years,with the continuous improvement of the living standards of people,consumers are increasingly demanding the quality and flavor of chicken meat products.The high-quality yellow feather broilers in China are mainly ground raised and cage raised.Under the conditions of flat raising,the scale is small and the yield is low,which cannot meet the increasing market demand;however,caged yellow feather broilers will lead to the decline of meat quality and flavor.The acceptance of consumer is poor.Relevant research also showed that different broiler rearing modes,including free raising,flat raising,cage raising and caged early and free later rearing,have certain effects on the body size,slaughter performance and meat quality traits of broilers.Therefore,exploring a rearing mode that combines economic benefits with tasty flavor is essential for the raising of yellow feather broilers in China.In order to explore the raising methods of yellow feather broilers with high economic benefits and good meat quality,this study explored the effects of two rearing modes:flatten all the time and flatten early and caged later on the meat production performance and meat quality of Xueshan chicken.The results are as follows:1.The results of meat production and meat quality of Xueshan chicken in different feeding modes indicate that,the body weight of the caged late group(stocking density:35.34 kg/m2)was significantly higher than that of the whole-flatten group(stocking density:6.07 kg/m2)(P<0.05).The slaughter weight and slaughter rate were significantly higher than the whole-flatten group(P<0.05).The abdominal fat rate was significantly higher than the whole flatten group(P<0.05).The production performance of Xueshan chickens in the late caged rearing mode is better than that of the whole-flatten culture mode,which can achieve more ideal fattening effect and save a certain amount of feed with good economic benefits.The rearing mode had no significant effect on the incidence of disease in the Xueshan chickens(P>0.05),and the mortality rate in the whole-flatten group was slightly higher than that of late caged group.The fat content of chest and leg muscles of Xueshan chicken in the late caged group was significantly higher than that of the whole flatten group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in ATP and IMP content between the chest and leg muscles of Xueshan chicken in the two modes(P>0.05).In the flat culture mode,the feather quality of Xueshan chicken is better than that of the cage culture mode,and the rearing node has little effect on the walking ability of them.2.The results of intestinal microbial of Xueshan chicken in different feeding modes indicate that,the late cage culture mode reduced the proportion of Firmicutes and Bacteroides,in the intestinal micro-organisms of Xueshan chickens,and the proportion of Proteobacteria increased.The Shannon and Simpson indices decreased,and the Chaol and ACE indices decreased,indicating that the flora was diverse.The sexuality was lower than the whole-line mode,but the difference between the groups was not significant(P>0.05).Differences between PCA analysis.MetaStat and LEfSe showed that there were differences between the two groups and there were many different significant strains,such as Elusimicrobia and Fibrobacteres.3.In order to further explore the optimal stocking density of Xueshan chicken in the late cage mode,this study investigated the effects of three stocking densities(high:47.12 kg/m2,medium:35.34 kg/m2,low:23.56 kg/m2)on the meat production and meat quality of Xueshan chicken.The study found that:After 10-weeks culture of cock and 11-week culture of hen,the weight of Xueshan chickens at high stocking density was significantly lower than that of middle and low stock density groups(P<0.05),and the weight difference between low and medium density groups was not significant(P>0.05).The slaughter weight,carcass weight and abdominal fat rate of the chicken in the low and medium density groups were significantly higher than those in the high density group(P<0.05).The difference between the middle and low density groups was not significant(P>0.05).The low density and medium density feeding could make the Xueshan chicken get better fattening effect,save the feed.The medium density feeding area is smaller,and the best economic benefit can be obtained.The fat content of leg muscles in the low density group and the medium density group was significantly higher than that in the high density group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in ATP and IMP between the muscles of the chest muscles of Xueshan chicken under different stocking densities(P>0.05).The feather quality of the low and medium density group of Xueshan chickens were significantly better than that of the high density group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the gait scores of the Xueshan chickens at the three stocking densities(P>0.05).The stocking density has little effect on the walking ability of the Xueshan chicken,and the lower the stocking density,the better the feather quality of the Xueshan chicken.In summary,the rearing mode of flatten early and caged later takes a smaller space,the meat production performance is better than the whole-flatten mode.The mode makes the muscle fat content increase,the feed conversion rate is high in the late stage,and the economic benefit is high.At the same time,the early flat raising improves the anti-stress ability and meat quality of the broiler,which make it a feasible yellow feather broiler feeding mode.And the better raising effect and the best economic benefit can be obtained under the medium density caged culture mode(35.34 kg/m2).