| A total of 1250 cherry-dale ducks of one day old age and similar body weight and good health were selected and randomly divided into 5 treatment groups with 5 replicates in each treatment group,50 ducks in each replicate,and the pre-feeding period was 3 days,and the formal period was 39 days.Group I: basal diet;Group II: basal diet + emulsifier(liquid)300 mg·kg-1;Group III: basal diet + emulsifier(liquid)500 mg·kg-1;Group IV: Foundation Day Grain + emulsifier(solid)300 mg·kg-1;Group V: basal diet + emulsifier(solid)500 mg·kg-1.The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of emulsifiers on growth performance,blood lipid levels,intestinal morphology,slaughter performance,muscle quality and PPAR ? gene expression in Cherry Valley ducks.The results showed that:(1)In the fourth week,the average daily feed intake of emulsifier(liquid)500 mg·kg-1 was significantly higher in the cherry valley ducks feed than in the control group(P<0.05),which was 15.84% higher than the control group(P<0.05),the feed intake of other experimental groups with emulsifier was higher than that of the control group,but there was no significant difference(P>0.05);in the 1~6 weeks,the average day of the test group II,III,IV and V The weight gain was higher than that of the control group,and the test group II,III and V were significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05),which was increased by 6.13%,7.34% and 6.47%,respectively,compared with the control group(P< 0.05);the weight ratio of the other test groups added with emulsifier was lower than that of the control group,and in the 5th week,the weight ratio of the test group II was the lowest(P<0.05),between the groups III,IV and V.The difference in feed-to-weight ratio was not significant(P>0.05).(2)The addition of different forms and different doses of emulsifier to the feed had no significant effect on the lipid content of Cherry Valley ducks(P>0.05).(3)Different forms and different doses of emulsifier were added to the cherry valley ducks feed to improve the mucosal morphology of the cherry valley duck.The duodenal villus length(VH)and the velvet gland ratio(VH/CD)of the test group III and IV were extremely high.Significantly higher than the other groups(P<0.01),the depth of crypts in groups II,III and IV was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.01);the length of villus(VH)and velvet gland in jejunum and ileum There was no significant difference in the ratio(VH/CD)(P>0.05),while the jejunum and ileal crypt depth(CD)were the lowest in the test group III,and the villus length(VH)and velvet gland in the cecum of the test group I,II and III.The ratio(VH/CD)was significantly higher than that of the test V group,while the test IV group had the lowest cecal crypt depth(CD).(4)There were no significant effects on the slaughter performance of Cherry Valley ducks by adding different forms and different doses of emulsifier to the feed(P>0.05).(5)The L value of the emulsifier(liquid)300 mg·kg-1 group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05),indicating that the emulsifier has the effect of improving the tenderness of the chest muscle.The emulsifier(solid)500 mg·kg-1 can reduce the muscle mass.Medium crude fat and cholesterol content,indicating that the emulsifier has a certain improvement on the cherry valley ducks meat quality(6)The expression levels of PPAR ? in the liver,breast muscle and abdominal fat of the experimental groups with different emulsifiers were higher than those of the control group,especially the expression of PPAR ? in adipose tissue was significantly higher than that of the control group.(P<0.05).In summary,the addition of emulsifier to the cherry valley ducks diet can improve the growth performance,meat quality,intestinal mucosal morphology and PPAR ? gene expression of Cherry Valley ducks as a whole,and improve the nutritional health of Cherry Valley ducks.Under the conditions of this experiment,the addition of emulsifier(liquid)500 mg·kg-1 to the cherry base duck diet was the best. |
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