Project,Trial And Extension Of Three New Grape Tree Forms

Grapevine(Vitis)is one of the four most important fruit crops all over the world both due to its delicious flesh-eatable and processing qualities.Grapevine has a long cultivation history,wide cultivation area,high level of modern practical management,various cultivation modes,a good industry chain,plenty processed products.Grape berry can not only be used as table grape,but also processed into raisin,grape can,grape juice,and grape vinegar.In China,most cultivated grapevine is of table grape,and the wine grape is also cultivated at a large scale.In the last 20 years,our grape and wine industry has kept developing quickly,and in 21st century many large grape vineyards constructed and the management practices changed to be standardized.The development of grape industry is influenced not only by cultivation scale,human’ s favor,varieties,but also by different management strategies.Light and simple cultivation technique,high effect,high quality,high yield have been paid much attention in current grape cultivation.With the development of modern recreational and leisure agriculture,not only high-yielding and good quality berry is paid high attention,the ornamental quality of grape tree shape and the utility of grape in recreational agriculture are also getting important.A good grape tree shape can guarantee the ventilation and light penetration,early-fruiting and high-yielding,easy management,good suitability to worse ecological conditions,it is also the preferable choose of vineyard managers.Grapevine is of a vine fruit tree,and its vines are long and easy to be curled,making many grape tree shapes invented and applied,such as Y shape and T shape with single trunk and two main vines.Grape vine training should be done differently according to the cultivar cultivated.Each kind of frame and tree shape should also suitable to the local ecological condition,and can perform cultivar’s characters and acquire high-yielding,high quality,and high commercial economic benefit.The development of modern agriculture demands much more on grape tree shape,and the new tree shape needed should be more sight-worthy,diverse,light-and-simple,except that it is productive,easy to be managed,and grows high-quality berry.Based on those mentioned above,we have done some innovation on some popularly applied grape tree shapes:to improve "Y" shape into the modified "Y" shape(Fashion-Y),and invent the ’cultivar-mixed-planting,stereo-fruiting’grape cultivation model based on Fashion-Y.Other,a dwarfing cultivation mode being suitable to greenhouse was promoted and spread,in which the grape trees were manipulated into dwarfed ones using horticultural practices.The test results showed that the improved tree shapes had higher yield,better quality berry,and good ornamental outlook,etc.The test results showed that the improved "Y"("Fashion-Y")by standard pruning techniques could improve the shortcoming of the traditional "Y" grape trellis:summer flowet and berry management inconvenience,uneven of berry setting sites,poor ornamental outlook,forming a modified "Y" type with energy saving,high economic benefit and beautiful outlook.Fashion-Y type grape trellis can ease flower and berry management,make grape bunch even and mature at similar time,by fixing inflorescence position,increasing the branch angle and other measures.All these made the new modified tree shapes had higher yield,better quality berry,and good ornamental outlookThe ’cultivar-mixed-planting,stereo-fruiting’ grape cultivation model is the grape trellis with 2 layers of modified double "Y" type grape trees of two cultivars.The mixed-planting of two cultivars with different berry color or different ripening times can achieve good use of grape variety diversity characteristics,make full use of the space for stereo-fruiting,and increase production of good quality berry by over 30%.When two different fruit color grape varieties were planted one by one,the the vineyard ornamental value can be improved,and when two different maturity varieties are planted,sightseeing time and picking and harvest period of vineyard-picking can be extended.This new cultivation trellis is a new shaping measure in labor saving,beautiful appearance,high quality and high yield of grape berry.Greenhouse grape dwarfing-cultivation using single row with two separate trellises was trained by shooting pruning and waking winter buds.When the sunlight was enough,the grape berry can be harvested earlier from April to early June.The berry yield was guaranteed,and the harvest period was done much earlier,bringing much higher economic benefits.