Study On Some Cultivation Techniques For Improving Quality And Efficiency Of Flatland Facility Vineyard In Fujian Province

Fujian Province has a high-temperature and high-humidity subtropical monsoon climate,which is conducive to the early ripening of grapes.However,due to the high temperature and high humidity in spring and summer,it is the flowering and fruit setting period of the grapes,which is prone to breed diseases.In the late 1990s,Fujian Province began to use facilities to avoid rain and cultivate grapes.In recent years,the grape industry in the east and north of Fujian has developed rapidly,and it has become one of the main grape production areas in Fujian Province.80%of them adopt a multi-span rain-proof cultivation mode,which is prone to high temperature and high humidity,weak light and insufficient CO₂.Based on the investigation of the current situation of flat-land facility grape cultivation in Fujian Province,this study focused on the analysis of the micro-environment of the multi-facility vineyards,and carried out transformations to reduce the intensity of light in the shed,high temperature and humidity,and CO₂ deficiency.The researches on tree shape,window cooling and CO₂ gas fertilizer supplementation are as follows:1.An investigation was conducted on the current situation of flat-land facility vineyards in Fujian Province.The results are as follows:?1?The area and output of facility grape cultivation in Fujian Province have increased year by year,accounting for 80.4%of the province's grape cultivation and 92.1%of the yield,the main cultivar is�Kyoho';which is mainly distributed in Ningde,Nanping,Sanming,Fuzhou,accounting for97.6%of the province's facility grape cultivation area.?2?For Fu'an City,Ningde City,the main production area,the main facility type of flat-grape grapes for rain-proof cultivation is multi-span cultivation,the multi-span area is about 200 hm²;the width of a single span is 6.0 m,the roof is 3.4 m above the ground,and the shoulder height is 2.0 m.The facility has formed a high temperature and high humidity microclimate.The annual average temperature in the shed is 2?higher than the open field temperature.Especially in summer,when the grapes change color and mature,the highest temperature in the shed is 45?,which is 10?higher than the open field temperature.The maximum temperature of grape growth?35??has resulted in severe sunburn of the leaves;the average humidity in July was significantly higher than the open temperature;the CO₂ concentration continued to decrease during the day,and CO₂ deficiency occurred in the shed 2 hours after sunrise.2.Aiming at the problems of low light,high temperature and high humidity,and insufficient CO₂ in the vineyards with flat multi-story facilities in Fujian Province,a tree transformation,window cooling,and supplement of CO₂ gas fertilizer were conducted.The results are as follows:?1?The traditional high dry inverted umbrella shape?CK?was transformed into a�one�shape tree shape through grape winter shears.The results showed that the�one�shape tree shape was significantly ahead of the CK phenological period,and the ripening time was about 6days earlier;At maturity?105 days after flowering?,the light intensity at the bottom of the�one�shaped tree-shaped leaf curtain was increased by80%on average compared with CK,and the average temperature of the�one�shaped tree-shaped leaf curtain layer was 4.3?higher.With the extension of growth time,the chlorophyll content increased first and then decreased.During the maturity period?105 d after flowering?,the total amount of chlorophyll in the shape of�one�was significantly higher than that of CK?P<0.05?.The actual photosynthetic efficiency Y?II?of the�one�shape PSII has always remained at a relatively high level,and the Y?II?of CK has dropped to the lowest value at 11:00,which is significantly different from the transformation of the tree shape.The non-photochemical quenching coefficients?NPQ?of the�one�shape were significantly higher than those of the control at 9:00 and 11:00,showing a trend of falling first and then rising.In general,the tree shape of the�one�shape was superior to the control.The fruit quality of the�one�tree shape in the past two years has been improved,showing that the titratable acid content has continued to decrease;the second year?2018?after the transformation,the soluble solids content,soluble sugar content and sugar-acid ratio were significantly higher In CK,it increased by 13.29%,9.88%and 23.8%respectively,indicating that transforming the tree shape can improve the quality of grape fruit and improve the flavor of the fruit.In the second year?2018?after the transformation,the grape yield per plant and the yield per mu were significantly lower than that of the control.The yield per mu of the traditional tree was significantly increased by 126.7%compared with CK;But the yield per mu is still 47.2%lower than that of CK.Due to the improvement of fruit quality,the unit price of the"one"shape has increased by 4 yuan/kg,and the output value per mu has increased significantly in the third year after the transformation of the tree shape.?2?The window is opened by the self-made simple pull rod in the weather with a temperature higher than 35?.The results show that:9:00-15:00 is the best window opening effect,significantly reducing the temperature in the shed by 6.1?,and opening the window has a discontinuous effect on humidity The humidity in the shed is significantly reduced during the day,and the humidity in the shed is higher than that outside the shed at night;at the same time,the ventilation of the facility greenhouse is improved,and the wind speed in the shed is significantly increased.The total chlorophyll content of leaves in the window treatment had no significant effect on CK?P<0.05?,and the actual photosynthetic efficiency Y?II?of PSII in the window treatment was significantly higher than that of CK at 9:00 and 13:00;Compared with CK,it increased by 12.4%.It may be that the cooling effect of window treatment reduced the stress of PSII system.The photochemical quenching coefficient q P of CK leaves continued to increase after 13:00,and the change range was smaller than that of window treatment,which was significantly higher than CK at 9:00,and the photosynthetic activity was better.The single fruit weight of the window treatment was significantly increased by 9.9%compared with the control,the titratable acid content was significantly reduced,the sugar-acid ratio was significantly increased,and the fruit flavor was better after the window was opened.Window treatments have the most disease grades of grade 5,followed by grade 4,and the number of leaves suffering from slight sunburn is relatively small.Among them,the number of grade 1 diseases is significantly lower than that of CK.?3?The CO₂ gas fertilizer slow-release particles were evenly hung 10cm below the leaf curtain on sunny days.The results showed that the CO₂concentration after the addition of gas fertilizer treatment reached 517mg/L after 13:00,which was significantly higher than that of the control.The content of chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll in leaves after CO₂supplementation in the greenhouse was significantly higher than that in the control,and the total chlorophyll content increased by 6.4%.The actual photosynthetic efficiency Y?II?of PSII in different treatments rises first,then falls and then rises.The non-photochemical quenching coefficient?NPQ?of the two has the same trend after 11:00,both at 11:00and 15:00.Significantly higher than the control,about 1 times higher than CK,the light protection ability is significantly improved.The increased single fruit weight,sugar-acid ratio and anthocyanin content were significantly increased after the application of gas fertilizer.The single fruit weight was increased by 13.0%compared with CK,indicating that CO₂ supplementation was helpful for fruit growth.The soluble solids content and soluble sugar content were slightly higher than CK However,there was no significant difference.The sugar acid significantly increased by 39.2%compared with CK;the anthocyanin content also increased significantly,indicating that the fruit is well developed and helps the peel to change color.3.In summary,several quality-enhancing and efficiency-enhancing cultivation techniques for flat-land facility vineyards in Fujian Province have effectively regulated the facility environment,which is beneficial to the growth of grapes and improved fruit quality,and contributes to the steady development of the facility grape industry in Fujian Province.