| From 2017 to 2018,according to the principle of "2+X" experiment,the effect of Apple fertilizer reduction and synergy technology was studied.Firstly,the application effect of Yuntianhua Apple special formula set fertilizer in Shandong was studied in Penglai City,Shandong Province.Secondly,Huangling,Luochuan,Linfen,Shanxi Province and Qingyang,Gansu Province,used Qiaohua Red Fuji for 8-12 years respectively.Third,in Guanzhuang Village,Laishan Town,Yantai City,Shandong Province,using 10-year-old arbor-turned-red Fuji as test material,the effects of fulvic acid and Mumeitoli total nutrient formula on weight loss and efficiency,as well as the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on fruit quality during fruit expanding period and the control effect of calcium fertilizer on bitter pox disease in early August were studied.The main results are as follows.1.Taking 7-year-old Qiaohua Red Fuji as test material,two treatments were set up.One was traditional fertilization of farmers,the other was special formula fertilizer package for Yuntianhua apple(base fertilizer N-P2O5-K2O:17-17,germinating fertilizer N-P2O5-K2O:25-25,boron fertilizer N-P2O5-K2O:13-5-27).The effects of two treatments on fruit quality and yield were studied.The results showed that compared with the traditional treatment,the chlorophyll content,leaf area,fresh weight of louvers and leaf thickness increased by 16.12%,7.81%,15.93% and 5.74%,while promoting the growth of leaves,T1 treatment also significantly improved the quality of fruit,and the weight of single fruit,fruit firmness,soluble solids and solid-acid ratio increased by 13.41% and 5.63% respectively.7.85% and 10.37% respectively,and the yield increased by 13.5%.It can be seen that Yuntianhua Apple special formula fertilizer can not only promote leaf growth,improve fruit quality,but also increase apple yield per mu.2.Taking Qiaohua Red Fuji for 8-12 years as the test material,the application effect of Xinyangfeng Apple formula set fertilizer(base fertilizer: Xinyangfeng Apple formula setfertilizer chemical fertilizer + organic fertilizer)on the Loess Plateau was studied.The results showed that Xinyangfeng formula fertilizer could not only promote leaf growth,but also improve fruit quality and yield compared with traditional fertilization.Under the influence of frost injury at flowering stage this year,the orchards with Xinyangfeng formula fertilizer could resist frost injury better than the orchards with traditional fertilization,so as to increase yield and stress resistance of fruit trees.The chlorophyll content,louver fresh weight,leaf thickness,leaf area,soluble solids,solid-acid ratio,single fruit weight and yield of formula fertilizer treatment in Huangling County were 15.68%,11.97%,11.44%,13.65%,8.12%,10.83%,10.34% and 11.72% higher than those of traditional fertilization treatment,respectively;the chlorophyll content,louver fresh weight,leaf thickness,leaf surface of Linfen formula fertilizer treatment were 15.68%,11.97%,11.44%,13.65%,8.12%,10.83%,10.34%,11.72%.The volume,soluble solids,solid-acid ratio,single fruit weight and yield increased by 4.12%,6.47%,2.76%,2.32%,7.63%,16.72%,23.75% and 23.91% respectively compared with the traditional fertilization treatment.The chlorophyll content,louver fresh weight,leaf thickness,leaf area,soluble solids,solid-acid ratio,single fruit weight and yield of Luochuan formula fertilizer treatment increased by 6.72% compared with the traditional fertilization treatment.The content of chlorophyll,fresh weight of louvers,leaf thickness,leaf area,soluble solids,solid-acid ratio,single fruit weight and yield of Qingyang formula package fertilizer treatment were increased by 6.42%,33.33%,6.44%,15.12%,10.53%,10.43%,10.87%,5.68% and 22.41% compared with traditional fertilization treatment,respectively.In conclusion,Xinyangfeng Apple set fertilizer can effectively promote leaf growth,improve fruit quality,and improve yield significantly.3.The effect of fulvic acid fertilizer on Apple weight loss and synergism was studied with10 years Qiaohua Red Fuji as test material.Two treatments were set up in the experiment(traditional fertilization and traditional fertilization reduced by 20%+fulvic acid fertilizer).The results showed that fulvic acid fertilizer had a good effect on reducing weight and increasing efficiency.The chlorophyll content,louver fresh weight,leaf thickness,leaf area and the length of accessory shoot of fruit stage were increased by 14.61%,12.52%,3.54%,8.23%,13.89%,respectively.The soluble solids,hardness,solid-acid ratio,single fruit weight and yield were increased by 3.45%,7.01%,13.23%,9.44%,10.83%,respectively,and thepartial fertilizer productivity was increased by 13.6%.From the above data analysis,it can be concluded that the application of fulvic acid fertilizers can not only reduce the input of conventional fertilizers,but also promote the growth of leaves and periapical shoots,and improve the quality and yield of fruits.4.Taking 10 years Qiaohua Red Fuji as test material,the application effect of total nutrient formula fertilizer in Mumei soil was studied.Two treatments were set up in the experiment(traditional fertilization and total nutrient package fertilizer in Mumei soil).The results showed that the chlorophyll content,louver fresh weight,leaf thickness,leaf area and the length of accessory shoot of fruit table increased by 12.51%,7.84%,2.85%,10.57% and12.72% respectively,and the soluble solids,hardness,solid-acid ratio,single fruit weight and yield increased by 2.73%,8.12%,10.58%,7.47% and 10.23% respectively.Comprehensive analysis shows that the total nutrient package fertilizer in Mumei soil can promote the growth of fruit trees and improve the quality of fruit and yield per mu.5.Taking 12 years Qiaohua Red Fuji as test material,the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on fruit trees during fruit expanding period were studied.Four treatments(CK;G1:200 g urea at the beginning of June;G2: 200 g urea at the beginning of July;G3: 200 g urea at the beginning of August)were set up to study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on fruit quality of three trees in each treatment.The results showed that compared with CK,G1 increased soluble solids,firmness,solid-acid ratio,fruit transverse diameter and fruit longitudinal diameter by 7.86%,10.51%,13.09%,15.04%,18.95%,respectively;G2 increased soluble solids,firmness,solid-acid ratio,fruit transverse diameter and fruit longitudinal diameter by4.29%,5.88%,8.39%,9.82%,12.30%;G3 increased soluble solids,firmness,solid-acid ratio,fruit transverse diameter,fruit diameter,12.30%.The real longitudinal diameter increased by5.00%,8.24%,5.56%,2.82% and 3.67%.In conclusion,the application of nitrogen fertilizer during fruit expanding period can improve the quality of fruit,and the best effect is in June.6.Taking Qiaohua Red Fuji for 12 years as test material,the effect of calcium fertilizer application on Bitter Pox disease in early August was studied.Three treatments(CK;B1:100g calcium fertilizer at the beginning of August;B2: 200 g calcium fertilizer at the beginning of August)were set up in the experiment,three trees in each treatment.The results showed that compared with CK,the incidence of B1 was reduced by 2.8%,hardness increasedby 0.5 units,B2 by 4.4%,hardness increased by 1 unit.In conclusion,the increase of calcium fertilizer at the beginning of August can reduce the incidence of bitter pox disease,increase the hardness of fruit,and make the fruit more durable for storage.The treatment effect of B2 was the best. |
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