Design And Research Of Triangular Chain Half Cup Spoon-Shaped Potato Precision Planter

Potato is one of the world's rare food which is vegetable and crops at same time and one of the world's most important food crops.In February 2016,China's Ministry of Agriculture officially issued the Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Development of the Potato Industry,which means that China's potato production,processing and other related industries have entered the fast lane.In the vast areas of southern China,potato planting in hilly mountainous areas is one of the main forms of potato planting in southern China.At present,domestic and foreign research fields are less on mechanization of potato in hilly mountainous areas.Among the more objective factors affecting potato mechanization research and technology promotion.,the soil environment and the size of the field of operation limit the mechanization of the potato mostly.For this reason,combining the principles of agronomy and agricultural machinery under the planting mode of agronomic planting in China's hilly and mountainous areas.a triangular chain half cup spoon-shaped potato precision planter was designed,which can realize the integration of fertilization,sowing,ditching and ridging,shaping,soil-covering and soil-compacting.and field test of the prototype according to design requirements had been carried out.The main research contents of this topic are as follows:?1?Combined with the agronomic characteristics of potato planting in the hilly mountains of southern China,the overall design scheme of the triangular half cup spoon-shaped potato precision planter was determined.The machine adopts tractor traction as the power,and rotates the seed metering device through the ground wheel.It is suitable for the single-row planting mode of potato.It can complete the integrated operation of fertilization,sowing,sowing,ditching and ridging,shaping,soil-covering and soil-compacting at one time,satisfying the sowing depth of 120²00mm,two rows of planting row spacing is 700mm and planting plant spacing is 210mm,230mm,260mm.?2?By designing and calculating the key components of the prototype,the transmission mode of the“up and down”two sprocket of the traditional chain spoon potato planter is changed to the“triangular arrangement”transmission mode of the three sprocket wheels,the horizontal clearing area relying on gravity to reduce seed damage and achieving the requirement of single-grain fine sowing was added.The scoop-type seeding device is changed into a semi-cup picking device,which effectively increases the number of seeds taken and improves the reliability of the seed collection.The working parameters of the fertilizer removal system,the boot opener and the seeding system were determined through analysis and calculation,and for the problems of low ridge height and uneven ridges caused by the viscous land in the hilly mountainous area a set of ditching ridges and plastic refining devices were designed..?3?Using EDEM discrete element simulation software to complete the simulation of the whole process of the triangular chain half cup scoop type seed metering device.In order to make the half cup spoon fully in the seed box and optimize the seed box,firstly EDEM software was used to simulate the effect of the size of the seed box baffle and the position of the seed box on the seeding of the half cup spoon.Comparing the resowing index and the missing sowing index,it was determined that the seed box installation angle?is 20°and the seed box baffle height e₁ is 200mm.The comprehensive simulation test was carried out on the seed collection,seed clearing and seed directing.The results showed that the qualified index of the seeder was 93.18%,the resowing index was 5.68%,and the missing sowing index was 1.14%which was close to the qualified index of bench test that was93.74%,the resowing index was 3.99%,and the missed sowing index was 2.27%.?4?The quality index,resowing index,missed sowing index and coefficient of variation of the triangular chain half cup spoon precision seeder were used as the main evaluation indexes to verify the effects of two experimental factors,such as the ratio of 30g⁵0g small integrated potato to cut potato and the speed of tractor,on the seed sowing test index of seeder.For 30⁵0g small integrated potato the sowing performance meets the requirement of qualified product when the speed of tractor is Slow one gear?0.55m/s?,Slow second gear?0.69m/s?and Slow third gear?0.81m/s?.The sowing performance meets the requirement of qualified product when the ratio of30⁵0g small integrated potato to the cut potato is 50%,the speed is Slow one gear?0.55m/s?and Slow second gear?0.69m/s?.For 30⁵0g small cut potato the sowing performance meets the requirement of qualified product when the speed is Slow one gear?0.55m/s?.After sowing in the field,the damage rate of seed potato was less than1%which reached the level of the qualified product.The seeding depth is 90%,reaching the first-class level.The stability coefficients of ridge height,ridge bottom width,ridge surface width and ridge spacing are all above 95%,and the performance indexes meet the requirements of national standards.