Development Of Microsatellite Markers Of Penaeus Penicillatus And Its Application In Stock Enhancement

The decline of marine fishery resources has become an ecological problem that attracts worldwide attention.The key to the decline of many key fishery resources is caused by human,such as fully or over-exploited with the key fisheries,the habitat pollution caused by human activities,and so on.Commercial fishing has resulted in a reduction in many fisheries resources,but other factors also impact on fish resources,including coastal development,pollution,habitat degradation and loss.In order to supplement natural resources and restore damaged fishery resources,and meet commercial fishing,stocking of hatchery-raised fish into natural environments has widely used,it was acknowledged as an intuitive approach to enhance the exploitable resources.Stock enhancement,have played a very significant role in the restoration and multiplication of germplasm resources in natural waters.Penaeus penicillatus is an important stock enhancement species,it was used as a stock enhancement species as early as the 1980 s.Evaluating the effect of stock enhancement is an indispensable step.Generally,the recapture rate is calculated by statistical recovery ratio.With the development of molecular biology,molecular marker technology has been widely used in stock enhancement.This study evaluation of the stock enhancement effects of P.penicillatus by molecular marker technique.The main results are presented as follows.1.Development of Microsatellite Markers for P.penicillatusIn this study,we used the Next Generation Sequencing technology to determine the transcriptome of P.penicillatus.Use the de novo assembly method constructed the sequence of P.penicillatus.After assembly,obtained 36 675 reads,and filter out 9222 microsatellite loci.By designing microsatellite primers and verifying primer amplification efficiency and polymorphism,11 pairs of microsatellite markers for evaluation of proliferation and release effects and genetic studies were successfully developed.2.Evaluation on stock enhancement of P.penicillatus based on molecular markersIn this study,9 pairs of microsatellite markers were used to evaluate the effects of stock enhancement on P.penicillatus.In the 517 tails of the recapture,202 of the genetic information coincided with the broodstock(population preceded the stock enhancement program)used in the discharge,and the released individuals accounted for 39.07% of the total number of recaptures.There was no statistically significant difference in carapace-length between the released and wild stocks(P>0.05).3.Studies on genetic diversity of P.penicillatusBy comparing the genetic diversity between the populations prior and after the stock enhancement,we found that there was no genetic diversity variance(HE = 0.743 and 0.790;PIC = 0.708 and 0.762).In addition,low FST(0.0288)value confirmed a high genetic similarity between P.penicillatus populations.In summary,the genetic effect of stock enhancement program was not significant.Furthermore,the releasing has not affected the genetic diversity of wild P.penicillatus population.