Effect Of Dietary Supplementation Of Bee Pollen On Performance,Egg Quality And Biochemical Indexes In Serum Of Luhua Hens

This experiment was conducted to study effects of dietary supplementation of bee pollen on performance,egg quality,serum indexes and reproductive performance of Luhua hens,and the experimental results were fitted by curve and the regression equation was established to explore the suitable addition level of bee pollen under the actual production conditions.It provided a theoretical and practical basis for the application of bee pollen in the breeding of Luhua hens,and provided a reference for the development and utilization of bee products as green feed additives.Experiment 1 was to study the effects of bee pollen supplementation on the performance,egg quality,serum biochemical indexes and the reproductive performance of Luhua hens at the peak stage of laying.A single factor design was used in this experiment.384 Luhua hens with 32-week-old(at the peak laying stage)and about 70%egg-laying rate were randomly divided into four treatment groups with 4 replicates per treatment group and 24 chickens per replicate.The test period was 8 weeks.The control group was fed with basic diet,and the experimental group was fed with 0.5%,1.0%and 1.5%bee pollen in the basic diet respectively.During the experiment,the feed intake and the egg laying performance of each replicate were counted,the egg quality was determined by collecting eggs,the blood was collected at the end of the experiment and the serological determination was carried out.At the same time,an artificial insemination was carried out during the test,and the eggs were collected to mark and hatched in units of replicate.The incubation period was 21 days.Recorded the total number of eggs and the number of qualified eggs of each replicate,etc.The number of chicks of each replicate was counted when they were hatched and the each repeated reproductive performance index was calculated.The results showed that:Compared with the control group,(1)The laying rate,the average daily feed intake,the mean egg weight and the feed to egg ratio of Luhua hens at the peak stage of egg laying were not significantly affected by the addition of 0.5%,1.0%and 1.5%of bee pollen(P>0.05).(2)The yellow degree of eggshell was significantly improved and the yolk color was significantly darkened by adding 1.5%bee pollen to the diet of Luhua hens during the peak laying period(P<0.05),there was no significant difference on the albumen height,Hardy unit,the egg shell thickness,the egg shell strength,the percentage of yolk,the percentage of albumen and the egg shape index of Luhua hens at the peak stage of egg laying with the dietary supplementation of 0.5%,1.0%and 1.5%bee pollen(P>0.05).(3)Addition of 0.5%,1.0%and1.5%bee pollen had no significant effect on the hatchable egg rate,the fertilization rate,the hatchability of fertile eggs and the hatchability of setting eggs of Luhua hens during the peak period of egg laying(P>0.05).(4)Adding 0.5%and 1.0%bee pollen to the diet of Luhua hens during the peak laying period significantly reduced the content of triglyceride in serum(P<0.05),and adding 1.5%bee pollen to the diet significantly reduced the content of serum total cholesterol(P<0.05).(5)Adding 1.0%bee pollen to the diet of Luhua hens during the peak laying period could significantly improve the activity of total super oxide dismutase and significantly reduce the content of serum malondialdehyde(P<0.05),and the addition of 1.5%bee pollen could significantly increase the total antioxidant capacity of serum and decrease the content of serum malondialdehyde(P<0.05).Experiment 2 was to study the effects of bee pollen supplementation on the performance,egg quality and serum biochemical indexes of Luhua hens at the late stage of laying.A single factor design was used in this experiment.Sixty Luhua hens aged 64 weeks(at the late egg laying stage)with an egg laying rate of about 50%were randomly divided into 4 groups with5 replicates in each group and 3 chickens per replicate.The test period was 6 weeks.The control group was fed with basic diet,and the experimental group was fed with 0.5%,1.0%and 1.5%bee pollen in the basic diet respectively.During the experiment,the feed intake and the egg laying performance of each replicate were counted,the egg quality was determined by collecting eggs,the blood was collected at the end of the experiment and the serological determination was carried out.The results showed that:Compared with the control group,(1)Adding 1.0%bee pollen to the diet significantly increased the egg laying rate of Luhua hens at the late egg laying stage(P<0.05).The addition of 0.5%and 1.5%bee pollen had no significant effect on the average daily feed intake,the feed to egg ratio and the average egg weight(P>0.05).(2)The yellow degree of eggshell(b*)in 1.0%bee pollen-added group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05),there was no significant difference on the albumen height,Hardy unit,the egg shell thickness,the egg shell strength,the percentage of yolk,the percentage of albumen and the egg shape index of Luhua hens at the late stage of egg laying with the dietary supplementation of 0.5%,1.0%and 1.5%bee pollen(P>0.05).(3)The content of immunoglobulin G in serum of Luhua hens at the late laying stage were significantly increased by adding 1.0%and 1.5%bee pollen to the diet(P<0.05),and the addition of 1.0%bee pollen significantly increased the level of serum immunoglobulin A(P<0.05).To found out the suitable feeding levels of bee pollen of Luhua hens at the peak laying period and the late period of laying,the serum triglyceride content and the egg laying rate were selected for regression analysis apartly,and the regression models were as follows:y=7.370x~2-14.061x+23.560y=-25.050x~2+40.009x+36.305The optimal addition levels were 0.95%and 0.80%respectively.In summary,adding bee pollen to the diet improved the production performance and the egg quality,lowered the blood lipids and enhanced the antioxidant capacity and the immune function of Luhua hens.And the suitable feeding levels of bee pollen were 0.95%and 0.80%in the diets of Luhua chicken at the peak and the late laying stages,respectively.