Screening And Identification Of Disease-resistant And Salt-tolerant Triticale Seed Lines

Triticale is the first heterologous polyploid new species artificially cultivated by chromosome engineering breeding techniques between wheat(Triticum ssp.)and rye(Secale ssp.).Small rye has a wide range of uses in production and life.It can be used not only as a food crop in some areas,but also because it has high biological yield and good nutritional quality.This study screened and identified the rye material from CIMMYT,aiming to screen small rye material with excellent agronomic traits,high yield and grain yield,salt and alkali resistance,and stable chromosome composition.The germplasm resources of rye breeding are further utilized.The main results are as follows:(1)Seventeen hexaploid triticale materials with excellent characters were selected from 110 Triticale.The characteristics of agronomic characters,biological yield at harvest time and grain yield were determined,and the following results were obtained.From the results of the survey of agronomic characters,the average plant height of 17 triticale was about 120 cm,the average ear length was about 12 cm,the average spikelet number was about 27,and the average ear number was about 63.The average value of the biological yield and the grain yield is about 18152.55 kg/ha and 6830.7 kg/ha respectively.Among them,L20170823,L2017034,L20170835 have higher biological yield,L20170827,L20170829 and L20170830 have higher grain yield than average.(2)The salt tolerance and powdery mildew resistance of 17 triticale materials with good agronomic characters were identified and 17 hexaploid triticale materials were found to be highly resistant to powdery mildew.The main results are as follows: from the results of agronomic traits survey.Salt tolerance in bud stage except L20170835,L20170836,L20170837 is salt tolerance.Other materials have a high level of salt tolerance.In addition to the salt tolerance level of L20170823 at seedling stage,the salt tolerance level of other materials was higher than that of L20170823,but the salt tolerance level of L20170823 was higher than that of L20170823.These results indicated that these 17 Triticale materials had better salt tolerance and could be used as a salt tolerant germplasm resource.(3)Cytological and in situ hybridization(in situ hybridization)was used to identify the characteristics of the cytologic and chromosome composition of 110 Triticale.The main results were as follows:14 rye chromosomes were found in the 110 Triticale materials,and the main variation in the 110 Triticale was substitution and deletion.wherein,49 parts of the stable material of the chromosome composition,52 parts of the small rye material of the 6D substitution 6A chromosome,2 parts of the small rye material of the 2D substitution 2R chromosome,2 parts of the small rye material of the monomer substitution 6D substitution 6A,One B-group chromosome replaced a 3R chromosome with 1,and 2 Triticale lacked a 4B chromosome.The two eight-fold Triticale material was identified and a pair of 2R and 5R chromosomes were lost and a pair of R-group chromosomes were added.The cytologic and in-situ hybridization of the 110 Triticale materials was identified and its chromosome composition was determined,which could be used for further use as a germplasm resource.