Design And Experiment On Seedbed Equipment With Plough And Rotary Of Rape Planter

In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river,the time of rice harvest is close to that of rape planting.Because of the glutinous soil and the large amount of straw in the paddy field,the device for planting rapeseed will be entangled as straw burning is prohibited.In combination with the agronomic requirements of rapeseed planting,an equipment for preparing rapeseed seedbed was developed,which is mainly composed of plough,rotary tiller and furrow part.The equipment can cover the straw,break the soil and cut furrow to provide a good seedbed for rapeseed.The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:(1)The technical scheme of the equipment was put forward on the basis of systematic analysis of relevant technologies and equipment in this field at home and abroad.The structure and main parameters of the equipment were determined,and the working process of the equipment was analyzed.According to the results of the analysis to determine the working width of plough was 2100 mm,the number of plough was 6,transverse distance of adjacent plough that on the same side of the rack was 270 mm,vertical distance of adjacent plough that on the same side of the rack was 529.9mm and the angle of the plough beam is 27°.The working characteristics of different turning of the knife roll were analyzed and the rotation of the rotary cutter roller was determined.At the same time,the force of the main working parts of the equipment was analyzed.(2)A buckle plough with adjustable width and depth was designed as the ratio of width to depth can be adjusted from 0.7 to 1.8.The structure of plough surface was designed by horizontal straight element method.The working effect of plough under different conditions was studied,and the results showed that the best ratio of width to depth was 1.0~1.2.According to the improvement of the plough,it was determined that the depth of the plough was 200 mm,the ratio of width to depth was 1.1,and the working width was 220 mm.At the same time,the key parameters such as the guiding curve of the plough,the angle of the elementary line and the tail length were determined based on the law of soil movement.Field test results showed that the improved plough had a good operation effect,the average tillage depth of the equipment was 203 mm,the stability coefficient of the tillage depth was 91.7%,the average tillage width was 2081 mm,the stability coefficient of the tillage width was 97.4%,the broken soil rate was 92.1%,thesurface roughness was 10 mm and the straw cover rate was 92.3%.All the indicators met the requirements.The analysis of the stability of plough operation showed that the extended tail had no effect on the stability of the plough operation and can increase the embedding rate of straw.When the depth increased,the straw cover rate increased but the stability of the equipment decreased.(3)The orthogonal test was carried out by EDEM software,among them,the test factors were speed,depth and tail length,the test index was work resistance.The test results showed that both depth and speed had significant influence on the resistance of the plough,but the length of the tail had no significant influence on the operation resistance.Considered the working resistance of the plough and the straw covering rate,the optimal combination was: the forward speed was 0.92m/s,the depth was 200 mm and the tail length was 263 mm.(4)The working requirements of rotary tillage components were analyzed.The motion equation,track and pitch of blade were analyzed and the model of blade was determined.According to the working parameter relations among plough,rotary tillage and furrow part,the working width of rotary tillage was designed to be 1800 mm.The rotary blades adopted double helix and were arranged in a double spiral pattern.Each soil cutting plot was provided with 2 blades in the opposite direction and the distance between adjacent soil cutting communities was designed as 80 mm.The number of rotary blades was determined to be 40,and there were 20 blades on the left and right roller among which 10 were left and 10 were right.The horizontal position of the center of gravity of the equipment was analyzed,and the results showed that the design of the position between the rotary tillage parts and the plough was reasonable,which met the requirement of the stability of the equipment.(5)The relationship between the speed of the equipment and the traction resistance as well as the operating power consumption was tested and analyzed.The test object was the equipment with plough and rotary of rape planter,the buckle plough and the rotary tiller.The results showed that when the speed increased from 0.92m/s to 1.17m/s,the traction resistance and power consumption of the equipment increased by 23.7% and30.2% respectively.When the speed of the equipment was 0.92m/s,the total power consumption was 32.90 kw,which was 19.5% lower than that of the buckle plough and rotary tiller working separately.When the speed of the equipment was 1.17m/s,the total power consumption was 42.85 kw,which was 15.8% lower than that of furrow plough and rotary tiller working separately.When the speed of the equipment was 0.92m/s and1.17m/s respectively,the total power consumption of the equipment increased by 12.3%and 20.7% respectively compared with the independent operation of a single rotary tiller under the condition of the same rotary tillage depth because of the increase in plough.Due to the addition of the plough,the total power consumption of the equipment increased by 12.3% and 20.7% respectively compared with the independent operation of a single rotary tiller but the pass performance and operation quality of the equipment were improved.(6)The operation quality of the equipment with plough and rotary of rape planter and single rotary tiller was compared and analyzed.The test results showed that the soil breaking rate of the equipment under the two conditions was 92.8% on average,which was 2.6% higher than that of the single rotary tiller.The average surface roughness of the equipment was 11 mm,which was 39.0% higher than the independent operation of rotary tiller.The straw cover rate of the equipment was 92.9% on average,which was 22.2%higher than that of rotary tiller.The performance parameters of the equipment were evaluated,and the results showed that all the performance parameters met the agronomic requirements of rapeseed planting.