Response Of Characteristics Of Black Soil Plough Layer To Different Tillage Practice

The black soil area in Northeast China is the main production base of agricultural products in China.It has the characteristics of fertile soil and high organic matter content.Due to unreasonable use in recent years,such as single tillage practices,continuous cropping of corn,burning straw,and excessive application of chemical fertilizers,the structure of the soil plow layer deteriorates,soil acidification and crop yields unstable.Tillage practices are the key factors that affect the properties of soil tillage layer.Reasonable arable layer structure improves soil physical and chemical properties,promoting soil enzyme activity,and increasing crop yield.In this study,the farmland black soil positioning test field is used as the research object.Set up 3 tillage practices: N:No-tillage,R:Rotary tillage,D:Deep tillage,3 Straw treatment: N:Remove straw,S:Returning straw,M:Returning straw with manure.The third year of the test.The test crop is corn,determining field physical indicators during the growing period,take black soil near the roots to analyze soil nutrients and soil enzyme activities.Determining plant biomass during harvest and yield during harvest.Analyze changes in soil physical and chemical properties,soil enzyme activities,plant biomass,and corn yield in different field tillage practices.Research on different tillage response mechanism to explore the traits of farmland black soil plow layer.Provide scientific basis for establishing a reasonable tillage practices.The results are as follows:1.Different tillage practices affect the physical properties of soil,mainly manifested in changes in soil moisture content,temperature,and compactness.N practices significantly increases soil moisture content,temperature and compactness(P<0.05).R practices will cause compaction and stagnant water in the soil around 20 cm.D practices has a large daily temperature difference,can reduce the soil moisture content and bulk density of 0?30 cm,and improve soil moisture permeability(P<0.05).Returning straw to the field significantly increases the soil moisture content,reduces the soil bulk density,and alleviates the bottom holding of the soil plow.2.Soil nutrient status affected by changes in field tillage practices.N practices slightly increased SOM and TN content.D practices increases soil AP content(P<0.01).R practices soil p H has a tendency to decrease,N and D practices will ease soil acidification.Changes in straw return to the field affect soil nutrient content(P<0.01),the addition of manure improves soil nutrients.Manure has a positive effect on alleviating soil acidification.3.Soil enzyme activity changes with changes in different tillage.Tillage practices significantly affects soil catalase,amylase,cellulase,and acid phosphatase activities.Soil enzyme activity is higher under D practices(P<0.01).Returning straw to the field significantly increased soil enzyme activities other than soil acid phosphatase.Addition of manure significantly increased soil enzyme activity(P<0.01).Soil urease activity was significantly affected by the interaction between tillage and straw returning practices(P<0.01).4.Significant effects of tillage practices on plant growth and yield.D practices has the highest stem height,root dry weight,root-shoot ratio,root length,root surface area and root volume(P<0.01).R practices has large root width,number of bifurcations and number of root tips.The effect of returning straw to the field on plant growth was not significant.Manure treatment significantly increased root volume(P<0.05).Corn yield and its constituents are significantly affected by farming practices,D practices' the weight of 100 kernels,the number of ears and the yield were higher than those of other practices(P<0.01).The output of practices D exceeded that of practices R by 7.74%.Returning straw to the field will cause small changes in yield,adding manure will reduce the occurrence of reduced production.In summary,after several years of shallow and rotary tillage,it is recommended to adopt the local Deep tillage practices with returning straw to the field and applying manure.