| In this study,we investigated the effects of fermentation storage on the content of functional nutrient in tomato pomace(Experiment 1),the effect of dietary supplementation of tomato pomace silage on feed intake and digestibility and apparent digestibility of diet by dry Holstein cows(Experiment 2)and the effect of dietary supplementation of tomato pomace silage on the antioxidant properties of transition cows during perinatal period(Experiment 3).Results of the research are divided into two parts as follows:(1)The fresh tomato pomace was transported to the silo in time and added compound bacteria for silage fermentation by 2×10~5 cfu/g.When the raw material is higher than the cellar 50-60 cm,pressed,covered with plastic film to seal and saved for 60 d to modulate tomato slag silage.And then the fermentation quality,the general nutrient content and the content of the functional ingredient were measured.At the same time the fresh tomato pomace was a control group.The results show that,the moisture content of fresh tomato pomace was 79.10%,water soluble carbohydrate content was 4.80%,and the pH value was 4.12.After silage fermentation,the lactic acid content increased significantly and the pH value decreased to 4.02.Crude protein(CP)content was 18.59%,which increased compared with raw material(P<0.05).The content of neutral detergent fiber(NDF)and acid detergent fiber were 50.80%and43.63%respectively,which were significantly lower than those in raw material.Compared with tomato pomace,the content of lycopene,?-carotene,vitamin A,vitamin E and vitamin C were 32.19?0.73?23.60?10.20?19.60 mg/kg respectively,which were slightly lower than those before fermentation,There were no significant differences vitamin C contents,but there were significant differences between lycopene,?-carotene,vitamin A and E.(2)Were use total mixed diet(TMR)containing 13%tomato pomace silage(dry basis)and no contains tomato pomace silage TMR(control),measured the feed intake and apparent digestibility of diet by dry Holstein cows.The results showed that the intake and consumption rate of dry matter in the experimental group and the control group were 9.77 kg,9.15 kg and 91.05%,86.68%,respectively,and the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05);The digestion rate of dry matter in experimental group was 73.93%,slightly higher than the control group,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).The above results showed that the addition of 13%tomato pomace in the dairy diet had no adverse effect on the intake and digestibility.(3)In the dairy feeding experiment,16 Holstein perinatal cows within 2 to 3 parity variations,fitness and similar body weight were selected and divided into two groups as control group and experimental group.The control group was fed Total Mixed Ration(TMR)without tomato silage,while experimental group fed TMR containing tomato silage.The proportion of tomato silage in the prenatal cows diets was13%,and it is 11%in perinatal dairy cows diets(dry basis).Then we analyzed the body weight,body condition score,milk production,anti-oxidant capacity and blood routine and biochemical indexes of the two groups of dairy cows.The results showed that,the body weight of the dairy cow in the control group and the experimental group was 596.00 kg and 586.50 kg respectively.The weight loss of the dairy cow in the experimental group was slightly lower than that in the control group.There was no significant difference in body condition score between the two groups(P>0.05).The milk yield of the control group and the experimental group were 15.01 kg/d and 15.81 kg/d,respectively.There was significant difference between the two groups The activities of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX),total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD)and total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)in the prenatal dairy cows were 58.27,56.12,5.07(U/mL),and the three were 44.22,42.50,4.84(U/mL)in the late perinatal period respectively,which were higher than those in the control group.The activity of GSH-PX and T-SOD in perinatal period was significantly different(P<0.05).The content of Malondialdehyde(MDA)in the prenatal and perinatal period was 2.30,2.13(nmol/mL)respectively,which was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05),but there were no significant differences between prenatal and postnatal periods.The number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the test group were 6.70,104.50,respectively,which was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).In summary,the fermented storage of tomato pomace had an effect on its nutritional quality and functional content.The appropriate replication of tomato pomace with the partial roughage in TMR effectively improved the feed intake and antioxidant capacity of perinatal dairy cow.Alternative ratio by13%was the better feeding effect,the suggestion of application in production. |
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