| In order to investigate the practicability of straw strip incorporation mode in Northeast of China,three straw incorporation modes were arranged in Tie-ling county Liaoning province during 2015.Compared to whole-layer straw incorporation(S0),a comparative research which studies the effect of two straw incorporation modes(inter-row(S1)and interval-row straw incorporation(S2))on soil physical properties and crop growth was tested.On the basis of the 2015 trial,compared to whole-layer rotary tillage(T1S0)and whole-layer plowing tillage,a comparative research which study the effect of four straw incorporation modes(inter-row rotary tillage(T1S1),interval-row rotary tillage(T1S2),inter-row plowing tillage(T2S1)and interval-row plowing tillage(T2S2))on soil water content,root distribution,yield and water use efficiency was test during 2015—2016.On the basis of the 2015—2016 trial,we continued to study the effects of straw incorporation modes on dry matter(nitrogen)accumulation and transport and soil nitrogen abatement ability.The results showed that,1.S1,S2 treatment could significantly reduce soil compactness,increase the total root amount and the ratio of deep root system.The photosynthetic effective radiation and photosynthetic rate of S2 treatment at maize jointing stage were significantly higher than other treatments.However,after jointing stage,indicators of S1 and S2 treatments were superior to the S0 treatment.Considering the economic benefit,interval-row straw incorporation was a suitable and popularized straw incorporation mode,compared with the S1 treatment.2.T2S1 and T2S2 treatments could break plough pan and reduce the bulk density of soil.Except T2S0,there was no significant difference in soil bulk density in 0~10,20~30 cm soil depth.The soil bulk density of T1S0 and T1S2 were significantly higher than other treatments,T1S1 following,and T2S0,T2S1 are least.3.T2S1 and T2S2 significantly increased leaf area index,delayed leaf senescence,and increased dry matter accumulation.dry matter weight and leaf area index of T2S1 and T2S2 had no significant difference with T2S0.The protective enzyme activity of T2S1 and T2S2 increased by 25.0% and 21.9% than T1S0.The highest protective enzyme activity and lowest contents of MDA were found in T1S0 and T2S2,respectively,and the MDA content was 24.22% less than T1S0.4.T2S1 and T2S2 increased soil water storage capacity.T2S1 and T2S2 0~40 cm soil moisture content increased by 13.82% and 5.01% compared with T1S0 in spring maize prophase.At maize silking stage,0~20cm,40~60 cm soil moisture of T2S1 and T2S2 were highest,and 20~40 cm soil moisture was least.In maize late growth stage,inter-row and interval-row straw incorporation increased by 17.42% and 20.24% compared with whole-layer straw incorporation,while there no significant difference between tillage modes.5.T2S1 and T2S2 increased the total root amount and ratio in deep soil.The root surface area index and dry matter weight of T2S1 and T2S2 were significantly higher than other treatments.The depth of T2S1 and T2S2 root centralized area were 46.54% and 49.87 higher than T1S0,37.50% and 40.60% higher than T2S0 respectively.while there are no significant difference among the root centralized area depths of T1S0,T1S1,T2S0 and T2S1.6.In dry year,the yield of T2S1 and T2S2 increased by 3.80% and 4.05% than T1S0,respectively,but there was no significant difference among each treatment in high water year.During two years,the water use efficiency of T2S1 was highest,T2S2 following,which increased 16.28% and 12.77% respectively,compared with T1S0.7.The dry matter accumulation and distribution were significantly affected by the straw incorporation mode,and the dry matter distribution was significantly affected by the straw incorporation position.At the flowering stage,the dry matter distribution ratio of the leaves was 6.01% higher than that of rotary tillage;At maturity stage,the dry matter distribution in stems and axes decreased by 6.37% and increased by 16.80% respectively.The dry matter transport amount and transport rate before anthesis were significantly increased,and the contribution of dry matter transport before anthesis to grain dry matter accumulation was significantly increased by straw incorporation with plough tillage;Compared with inter-row and interval-row straw incorporation return,the dry matter transport and transport rate of the whole-layer straw incorporation return increased by 9.89% and 9.04% respectively.8.Straw incorporation modes significantly affected the nitrogen accumulation of leaves,stems at anthesis stage and stems,kernels at flowering stage while the nitrogen accumulation in plant was not significantly affected by the position of straw incorporation.At flowering stage,the nitrogen accumulation of leaves and stems were 25.62% and 16.11% higher than those of rotary tillage,respectively.At the mature stage,the nitrogen accumulation of grain and whole plant was 9.23% and 7.19 higher than those of straw incorporation with rotary tillage,and the nitrogen accumulation of stem was 9.76% lower than that of rotation tillage.9.Straw incorporation with ploughing tillage increased the nitrate removal capacity of soil in root zone,T2S2 was significantly higher than T2S1 and T2S0.nitrate nitrogen abatement ability in profile of T2S2 is highest,T1S1 and T2S0 following by. |
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