Selection Of Fuji Apple Varieties For Unbagged And The Unbagged Cultivation Techniques

Apple has a dominant position in the production of fruit in China.However,some problems in the production and sales of apple restrict the development of China's apple industry.On the one hand,bagging apple's internal quality is decline,apple bagging needs large labor force,which increases production cost,discarded paper bags pollute the environment.On the other hand,unbagged apples have poor appearance and small market share.Unbagged apple cultivation technology needs further improvement.In this experiment,five Fuji apple varieties of ‘Nagafu No.2',‘Yanchanghong',‘Fuji Champion',spur-type ‘Longfu' and ‘Yanfu 3' are used as test materials,unbagged and bio-protective film and bagging are used to analyze the effects of different treatments on apple yield,internal and external quality and storability,in order to screen out Fuji apple cultivars suitable for unbagged cultivation and study unbagged apple cultivation techniques.Looking forward to providing technical basis and experience for unbagged apple cultivation.The expertment draws the following main conclusions:1.‘Yanchanghong',‘Yanfu 3',‘Fuji Champion',‘Nagafu No.2' and spur-type ‘Longfu'.The area of leaf,chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate after spraying bio-protective film significantly increased.Spraying bio-protective film can significantly promote leaf growth and development.2.‘Yanchanghong',‘Yanfu 3',‘Fuji Champion',‘Nagafu No.2' and spur-type ‘Longfu'.Defect rate of fruit decreased by 1.67%,4.85%,22.61%,22.97% and 38.38% respectively.The content of soluble solids increased by 7.82%,7.15%,5.71%,5.08% and 8.04% respectively.The solid acid ratio increased by 3.13%,2.51%,1.10%,0.55%,3.36% respectively.Unbagged apple cultivation can significantly increase the yield per plant,single fruit weight,internal quality,reduce the rate of defective fruit,and improve apple flavor.The yield per plant,single fruit weight,fruit hardness,soluble solids content and solid acid ratio of the sprayed bio-protective film are the highest,the rate of defective fruit is the lowest,and the fruit flavor is the best.3.After repositing 150 days,the hardness of ‘Yanchanghong' sprayed bio-protective film,unbagged,and bagging decreased by 18.12%,22.23% and 24.8% respectively,and the soluble solids content decreased by 12.34%,13.58% and 16.30% respectively.The hardness of ‘Fuji Champion' decreased by 22.17%,17.49% and 24.91% respectively,and the soluble solids content decreased by 9.11%,8.42% and 10.61% respectively.Showing unbagged cultivation can improve the storability of apples.4.Bagging apples have bright background and are brightly colored.Although the surface of apples which sprayed bio-protective film is bright and clean,the color is dark and not vivid,and spraying the bio-protective film can improve the fruit surface finish of apples without bagging.‘Yanchanghong',‘Fuji Champion' and spur-type ‘Longfu' can be used as objects for research on apple unbagged cultivation.5.There is no significant difference in pesticide residues about spraying bio-protective film and bagging apples,and they are all lower than the national pesticide residue standards.The cost of bagging is 1596.11 yuan higher than that of spraying bio-protection film per acre.Spraying bio-protective film can improve fruit yield,internal quality and fruit surface finish,reduce production costs and improve fruit flavor.It is suitable for unbagged apple cultivation.6.In the production of apple unbagged cultivation.The single fruit weight of the central and top flower buds is 19.19% and 59.23% higher than that of the surrounding and axillary flower buds,the fruit shape index is 7.79% and 5.06% higher respectively,the soluble solids contents are 3.06% and 7.03% higher respectively,and the solid acid ratio is 7.73% and 14.16% higher respectively,the central and top flower bud apple flavor is better.The deflection ratio of the upright apples are 46.15% higher than that of the flat apples,and the flat apple's shape is better.Unbagged apple cultivation reduce the external stimuli during young fruit,avoid the mixing and high concentration of pesticides,orchard closure and the nozzle is too close at spraying pesticide,etc.lead to fruit rust.Timely control of apple pests such as apple aphid,stink bug,and apolygus lucorum.