The Effects Of T-2 Toxin On Embryo Implantation And Endometrial Stromal Cells In Mouse

T-2 toxin has the highest toxicity of all the trichothecenes produced by various fungal species,mainly by Fusarium spp.in cereals and feeds.T-2 toxin have been believed that is an unavoidably contaminants in the cereal on the whole world.T-2 toxin has sublethal and even lethal toxicosis effects on humans and farm animals.However,the by-products from food processing,often used for animal feeding,frequently were highly contaminated.The T-2 toxin has significant reproductive toxicity especially for females.Even low-dose T-2 toxin in feeds will significantly effect on ovarian function of ewes and heifers to retard animal insemination and reduce pregnancy rates.After exposure to T-2 toxin takes a series of reproductive troubles.Furthermore,T-2 toxin has higher reproductive toxicity in pregnant animals.A single oral dose exposure to T-2 toxin in pregnant mice can result in embryo loss,miscarriage,fetal malformations,pathological bleeding of the placenta and the reproductive tract and even death of pregnant mice.Firstly,we investigate that T-2 toxin induced histologic lesions of uterus and affected embryo implantation in mice.Then,RT-qPCR and Western Bolt are used to detect the expresssion of apoptotic genes and Inflammatory cytokines of the primary endometrial stromal cells of mouse after treated by T-2 toxin.The main results are as follows:1.T-2 toxin can significantly reduce the number of embryonic implantation in the uterus of early pregnancy.And it affects the distribution of embryo implantation sites,resulting in uneven distribution of embryos on both sides of the uterus.There are a significant difference in embryo spacing distance by dose-dependent of T-2 toxin.2.The mouse of pregnancy 4 days was treated on T-2 toxin and detected by HE staining on pregnancy 6 days.With low doses,it causes a decrease the number of endometrial stromal cells and decidual stromal cells.But it increase the number of eosinophilic cytoplasm and inflammatory cells,especially neutrophils which usually can’t be observed in the moment of normal embryo implantation.After T-2 toxin treatment with high doses has hardly any stromal cells and decidualized region.At the same time,the arrangement of endometrial stromal cells are disordered but filled with inflammatory cells.It is observed that part of endometrial epithelial cells are apoptosis and fell down.The uterine tissue is broken with large masses that are comprised of a lot of inflammatory cells,erythrocytes and eosinophilic cytoplasm.3.T-2 toxin induces apoptosis of primary stromal cells with rising the expression of caspase-3,Cleaved caspase-3 and decreasing Bcl-2/Bax.4.T-2 toxin rises the expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α and COX-2 in primary endometrial stromal cells.Meanwhile,it activates NF-κB and JNK inflammatory signaling pathways.5.T-2 toxin induces abnormal expression of inflammatory factors and the functional genes that be controled by nflammatory signaling pathway in decidual stromal cells.