Molecular Regulation Of Heavy Metal Cadmium Exposure In Female Reproduction

Implantation is an interaction between receptive uterus and competent blastocysts,including orientation,adhesion and invasion of a normal physio logical process.Decidualization refers to the differentiation of uterine stromal cells.Embryonic implantation and uterine decidualization require the coordination of genes,cytokines and growth factors and also are key steps of early pregnancy success.C admium(Cd)widely exists in the industrial waste pollution and can produce toxicity and carcinogenic effects in organisms.It has been reported that cadmium can have an environmental estrogen-like effect.This experiment uses the most widespread use of a Cadmium salt,Cadmium chloride(CdCl2),was used in this study.The objective of this study was to explore effects of the cadmium exposure on uterine receptivity and decidualization.ECC1,a human luminal epithelial cell line,and,Ishikawa,human glandula r epithelial cell lines were used.ECC1 cells were treated with 0.1 ?M and 1 ?M CdCl2,respectively.Ishikawa cells were treated with 1 ?M and 10 ?M CdCl2,respectively.When Ishikawa cells were treated with CdCl2 for 24 h,SGK1 level is reduced.After treated with CdCl2 for 48 h,the expression of SGK1 and Integrin ?3 was decreased.Regardless the duration of CdC l2 treatment,the expression of progesterone receptor(PR)is reduced.In ECC1 cell lines,CdCl2 treatments for 24 h and 48 h up-regulate the expression of P-STAT3 and down-regulate OPN expression.CdC l2 treatment for 48 h also down-regulates ER expression.Under in vitro decidualization,CdCl2 can significantly promote the expression of IGFBP1,a marker for human decidualization.Although delayed implantation can be initiated by estrogen,intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 mg/kg CdCl2 doesn't stimulate embryo implantation.