| Paeonia rockii distributed widely and has a rich phenotypic diversity.Its high yield and high content of unsaturated fatty acids contribute to a broad application prospects.The evaluation of individual plants in the optimal population of P.rockii plays an important role in the breeding of elite varieties and the cultivation of superior clones,which provides a theoretical basis for subsequent selection work.From February 2016 to December 2017,this study recorded the phenological period of the P.rockii,the phenotypic traits such as buds,leaves,flowers and fruits were observed and recorded,and its phenological characteristics and regularity were analyzed.At the same time,seed oil yield and fatty acid content analyzed qualitatively,and individual plant evaluations were made according to the analysis of phenotypic traits and oil traits.The main results were as follows:1.According to the phenology observed for two successive years,it was found that ZB8,ZB30,ZB31,ZB37,ZB42,ZB43,and ZB54 were significantly 2 days earlier than the other plants.The first flowering dates of ZB13 and ZB18 are the final flowering periods of many individuals.2.The pollen germination rate of different individuals varied greatly,ranging from 44.78% to 95.03%,and the coefficient of variation among populations was 22.40%.The pollen germination rate was significantly different among different plants(P<0.01).The pollen germination rates of ZB22 and ZB56 were all greater than 90%,indicating that both plants could be used as good pollination plants.3.According to observation and records of phenotypic traits,the results showed that the yield per plant of six individual plants was excellent,which were ZB4,ZB10,ZB12,ZB14,ZB16,and ZB22.The yield per plant was higher than 500 g,and the highest yield per plant of ZB10 was 996.11 g.4.The main phenotypic traits and yield indicators were analyzed for correlation,principal components and cluster analysis.The results showed that the coefficient of variation of the quality traits was greater among the individual plants,with strong variation in leaf tip morphology(CV=242.26%)and external flap morphology(CV=139.30%).Among the quantitative traits,there was a large variation in yield(CV=89.85%),leaf-to-breadth ratio(CV=87.13%),and leaflet length(CV=82.80%).The overall performance of the correlation analysis showed that flower traits,leaf traits,and fruit traits were related to each other.The principal component analysis shows that the quality of P.rockii reflected by the 71 indicators can be expressed by 21 principal components(the cumulative contribution rate is 81.707%).It offers possibilities for the simplification of the evaluation system for individual plants.5.The percentage of oil in seed ranged from 29.46% to 33.31%,and the coefficient of variation was 6.6%.There was no significant difference in the oil yield among individuals.There was a significant difference in the total amount of fatty acids among the individuals.There was no significant difference in palmitic acid content.Stearic acid,oleic acid,linoleic acid,and alpha-linolenic acid were significantly different in different flower colors.The total fatty acids of white flowers and pink flowers are higher than that of purple flowers. |
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