Study On The Embryological Mechanism Of Cynanchum Thesioides (freyn) K. Schum

Cynanchum thesioides ?Freyn? K.Schum is a plant of the genus?Metaplexis?goose down Vine,the alias of Sandy grandmother,the flower of the flowers,the female green,the claw,the small loofah,etc.,Mongolian:Temugen-whistling,for many years arid erect half shrubs.In recent years,with the recognition and development of functional vegetables,Cynanchum thesioides is recognized by its special quality and rich nutritive value,and its demand is increasing rapidly.After years of observation,it was found that Cynanchum thesioides entered the flowering period from May,the end of the late flowering period in August,the flowers are umbrella cymes,each inflorescence could open near thousands of flowers,but the maturing rate was very low.To this end,the author's Flowering biology,study on pollination biology and reproductive biology,to explore its characteristics and fill in the research blank such as breeding type,pollination biological characteristic and reproductive biological characteristic,so as to provide theoretical basis for enlarging its population,breeding and breeding new variety,and to find out the reasons of its abortion,and put forward the fertility recovery strategy,It provides theoretical basis and technical guidance for the introduction,domestication,cultivation and utilization of Cynanchum thesioides.The results obtained are as follows:1.The surveies on the natural blooming process?daily blooming process?insect species of Cynanchum thesioides,the result show that:the flower period on 5 month to 8 month every year of Cynanchum thesioides,the flourish blooming period was about 30 days after first blooming,it was need 9 days form bud stage to blooming.The single flower period was7 to 9 day,and the group flower period was 50 to 55 days;the daily blooming process showed unimodal curve,the time of blooming was maily on 20:00 before the day after evening to 11:00 next day,the blooming fastigium was on 8:00 in the morning,the blooming rate was 29.3%,,the number of flowering on the 11:00am to 20:00pm in the evening the accounted for 86.15%of the total number of flowers in the day,and the suitable temperature for flowering shoots ranged from 22.7°C to 32.6°C,and the humidity range of flowering shoots was 40.2%⁵0.7%,appropriate shoot color of blossoms ranges from 3 420 to 11 9590lx;More than ten kays of flower to visiting insects on Cynanchum thesioide,it was include three catalogue:Hymenoptera?Diptera?Hemiptera,the flower to visiting fastigium period on8:00¹1:00 was consistent with blooming.2.Pollen germination characteristic and stigma receptivity of Cynanchum thesioides,gaertner was evaluated by germination method on culture medium,its stigma receptivity was estimated by benzidine^H₂O₂ method.The results showed the optimal pollen germination of Cynanchum thesioides was on the culture medium added 25%sucrous,0.02%boric acid.The effective temperature of pollen germination was from 25 to 35?and the optimal temperature was 30?,the effective time of pollen germination was from 6 to12 hours,the optimal time was 12 hours.The pollen germination rate was declined but still keep on 65%from 1 day after blooming to 8 day after blooming.The stigma of Cynanchum thesioides had receptivity from 12 hours before blooming to 8 day after blooming,the strong receptivity in12 hours before blooming⁴ day after blooming.3.In order to explain the Cynanchum thesioides from the field of embryology,the flowers in the different development stage of the tallow cantaloupe were tested by paraffin slicing,with the development of the size spore of the ground tip and the development of the male and female gametophyte.The results showed that:?1?Cynanchum thesioides is bisexual,stamens develop later than stamen,and the female and stamens tend to be synchronized before flowering.?2?Cynanchum thesioides microspore spore original cells originated from beneath the epidermis cells,the anther from inner to outer in an for the epidermis,medicine,middle,and indoor wall of tapetum,tapetal secretion and mature pollen only observed a large vegetative cell and 1 has not been divided reproductive cells,vegetative cell have big vacuole,germ cells are convex lens type.?3?Cynanchum thesioides is an inverted ovule,1 locule ovary,2 carpel,marginal placentation megaspore mother cell directly by the spore cell development,points the three cells degenerate development of megaspore,develop into mature embryo sac by megaspore after meiosis,to tip the melon as you can see serial section 8 cores in a common cytoplasm,at each end after one nuclear from both ends towards the embryo sac,and close to each other,to form the polar nuclei.