Effects Of Treatment Of Corn Of The Diet With Diluted Acids On Inflammatory Responses And Production Performance In Beef Cattle

With the improvement of people’s living standards,the demand of beef has gradually increased.In order to meet the nutrient and energy needed for beef cattle growth and fattening In beef cattle breeding,high-concentration diets are often used to feed beef cattle.However,Long-term use of high-concentration diets can easily lead to subacute ruminal acidosis(SARA)in beef cattle.When SARA occurs,the body’s inflammatory response appears and the production performance declines.The diluted acid can change the starch structure,making it not easy to ferment in the rumen,thereby preventing the decrease of rumen pH caused by the rapid degradation of feed in the rumen.At present,there is no report on the effect of diluted lactic acid and diluted hydrochloric acid on corn treatment.Therefore,this experiment provides experimental basis for finding ways to control beef cattle SARA by studying the effect of diluted acid treatment on corn.This paper aims to study the effects of diluted acid treatment of corn on the inflammatory response,growth performance,nutrient digestibility and selective feed intake of beef cattle.This study is divided into the following three sections:Trial 1: Eighteen beef cattles(Charolais× Luxi)with an initial body weight(BW)of 380±46 kg were selected and similar body condition were randomly and evenly assigned to one of 3 experimental treatments in a random unit group design.Each treatment includes 6 repetitons.Corn in the diet of the control group was steeped in an equal quantity(i.e.,in a 1:1 ratio,wt/vol)of tap water for a period of 48 hours at a room temperature;Corn in the diet of the lactic acid treatment group was steeped in an equal quantity(i.e.,in a 1:1 ratio,wt/vol)of 1% lactic acid solution for a period of 48 hours at a room temperature;Corn in the diet of the hydrochloric acid treatment group was steeped in an equal quantity(i.e.,in a 1:1 ratio,wt/vol)of 1% hydrochloric acid solution for a period of 48 hours at a room temperature.The trial period is 28 days.During the experiment,food and water were provided ad libitum.Blood and rumen fluids were collected at the end of the test to determine the levels of endotoxin(ie,lipopolysaccharide,LPS),cytokines,and acute phase proteins in the blood,as well as the pH and LPS content of the rumen fluid.The results showed that:(1)Treatment of corn with diluted lactic acid and diluted hydrochloric acid significantly increased the pH of the rumen fluid(p<0.05),but there was no significant difference between the lactic acid group and the hydrochloric acid group(P>0.05).(2)Treatment of corn with diluted lactic acid and diluted hydrochloric acid significantly reduced LPS content in rumen fluid(p<0.05),but there was no significant difference between lactic acid group and hydrochloric acid group(p>0.05);Treatment of corn with diluted lactic acid and diluted hydrochloric acid significantly reduced the plasma LPS content in beef cattle(p<0.05),but there was no significant difference between the lactic acid group and the hydrochloric acid group(p>0.05).(3)Treatment of corn with diluted lactic acid and diluted hydrochloric acid decreased plasma IL-6 levels by 10.47% and 13.10% respectively,but the difference did not reach a significant level(P>0.05);Treatment of corn with diluted hydrochloric acid significantly reduced plasma IL-8 levels(P<0.05),and treatment of corn with diluted lactic acid could reduce plasma IL-8 levels by 18.04%,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).In addition,treatment of corn with diluted hydrochloric acid reduced plasma C-reactive protein(CRP)levels and reached significant levels(P<0.05);Treatment of corn with diluted lactic acid significantly reduced plasma levels of serum amyloid A(SAA)(P<0.05).Trial 2: Eighteen beef cattles(Charolais× Luxi)with an initial body weight(BW)of 380±46 kg were selected and similar body condition were randomly and evenly assigned to one of 3 experimental treatments in a random unit group design.Each treatment includes 6 repetitons.The treatment of corn in each group of diets is the same as that of trial 1.The trial period is 28 days.During the experiment,food and water were provided ad libitum.Daily gains were measured during the trial period,and daily feed intake was recorded for each cattle.Fecal samples were collected on days 23-28 for determining nutrient apparent digestibility.The results showed that:(1)Compared with the control group,there was no significant difference in initial body weight,final body weight,and daily dry matter intake(ADMI)in lactic acid group and hydrochloric acid group(P>0.05).Compared with the treatment of corn with diluted hydrochloric acid,diluted lactic acid treatment of corn significantly increased the daily gain of beef cattle(P<0.05),and significantly improved the feed efficiency of beef cattle(P<0.05).(2)Compared with the diluted hydrochloric acid treatment of corn,treating corn with diluted lactic acid significantly increased the apparent digestibility of crude protein and neutral detergent fibers in beef cattle(P<0.05);however,compared to the control group,diluted lactic acid group has a trend to increase the apparent digestibility of crude protein in feed and to reduce the apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fibers,but there was no significant difference between them(P>0.05).Trial 3: Six beef cattles(Charolais× Luxi)withan initial body weight(BW)of 409±48 kg were selected and housed in tie stalls individually.Each column is a repetition.The trial period is 7 days.The cattle were fed twice a day and three different concentrates were fed at the same time.The treatment of corn in each group of concentrates is the same as that of trial 1.The results showed that:(1)In the first two days of the experiment,the daily feed intake of the three groups reached a significant difference level(P<0.05).The control group had the highest daily feed intake,followed by the lactic acid group,and finally the hydrochloric acid group.From the third day to the sixth day,the daily feed intake of concentrates in the hydrochloric acid group gradually increased,while that of the concentrates in the control group gradually decreased.There was no significant difference in the daily feed intake of the three concentrates on the seventh day.(P>0.05).(2)In the first 3 days of the experiment,the difference in the percentage of daily feeding times of three concentrates reached a significant level(P<0.05).The control group had the highest percentage of daily feeding times of concentrates,followed by the lactic acid group,and finally the hydrochloric acid group.;From the 4th day,although the percentage of daily feeding times of concentrates in the hydrochloric acid group was lower than that in the lactic acid group and the control group,and the difference reached a significant level(P<0.05),and the difference decreased.