Application Research Of Moringa Oleifera Feed In Laying Hens And Lactating Dairy Cows

Moringa oleifera(MO),a woody plants,is characteristic by nutritional properties.The crude protein content of MO leaf isabundant.The development of new type feed resources especially protein feed is the research hot spots in the feed industry.This study measured the nutrients content of moringa oleifera.Laying hensand dairy cowswere used as object of this study,exploredthe effects of different dosage moringa oleifera leaf on production performance,egg quality and serum biochemical indexes of bantam-xinghua laying hens and the effects of Moringa oleifera as a partial substitute of alfalfa hay on milk yield,nutrient apparent digestibility,and serum biochemical indexes of dairy cows.The trial was conducted to providea scientific basis for moringa oleifera feed's processing technology and application research of moringa oleifera feed in laying hens and lactating dairy cows.The experiment was divided into four parts.The first part was determinate the conventional nutrients of moringa leaf,branch,trunk and whole plant MO(2m)planted in Guangzhou.The second part was laying hens feeding trial.O ne hundred and sixty 29-week-old healthy bantam-xinghua laying hens were randomly into the control and three treatment groups.Each group had five replicates and eight laying hens per replicate.The control group was fed with the basal diet and three treatment groups were fed with the basal diets replaced with 2%,4% and 8% MO leaf,respectively.The pretest lasted for 1 week,and formal test lasted for 5 weeks.The third part was measure the pH-value of different silage methods of moringa oleifera fodder and determined the appropriate method of moringa oleifera silage,and,measure the pH-value,organic acids and nutrients content of ensiled mixture of MO and oat hay(80%MO and 20% oat hay).The fourth part was dairy cows feeding trial.Sixty healthy Holstein dairy cows were allocated to one of three groups: control groups(no MO,feed with the basal diet),groups?(25% alfalfa hay and 50% maize silage were replaced by MO silage),or groups?(50% alfalfa hay and 100% maize silage were replaced by MO silage).The pretest lasted for 10 d,and the feeding trial lasted 35 d.The experiment results showed that:(1)The crude protein,crude fat and vitamin E of MO was mainly concentrated in the MO leaf.In a dry matter basis,MO leaf crude protein content was 28.04%,crude fiber content was 0.95%.The crude protein content was11.45% in the whole plant MO(plant height was 2m).(2)Moringa oleifera leaf did not significant effect on the average egg weight(P>0.05),the group of 2% moringa oleifera leaf could significant decreased laying rate(P<0.05),but 4%,8% moringa oleifera leaf did not significant effect on laying rate(P>0.05).Moringa oleifera leaf did not significant effect on egg shell force,albumen height,Haugh unit,egg-shape index and yolk rate(P>0.05),the group of 4% moringa oleifera leaf could significant increased yolk color(P<0.05),8% moringa oleifera leaf could highly significant increased yolk color(P<0.01).Moringa oleifera leaf did not significant effect on lecithin,total cholesterol and crude protein of yolk(P>0.05).The group of 4% moringa oleifera leaf could significant increased crude fat of yolk(P<0.05).8% moringa oleifera leaf could highly significant increased crude fat of yolk(P<0.01).Moringa oleifera leaf co uld decreased concentration of low density lipoprotein cholesterol,high density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol,but it did not significant effect on other detected serum biochemical indexes(P>0.05).The group of 8% moringa oleifera leaf could significant decreased concentration of low density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol(P<0.05).(3)We ensiled MO in earthen jars and observed that ensiled mixture of MO and oat hay group was significantly decrease the p H-value and appear best silage quality(P<0.05),when compared with other ensiled groups include in ensiled MO alone,ensiled mixture of MO andmaize straw,ensiled mixture of MO and corn flour.In silage baling machine for ensiled mixture of MO and oat hay experiment,the p H value mixed silage was 3.68.Lactic acid and acetic acid content were 6.02%,1.83%,propionic acid and acetic acid content is less than 0.01%.Silage contained 30.53% DM.In the dry matter,crude protein,neutral detergent fiber(NDF)and acid detergent fiber(ADF)content were 9.35%,55.02% and 35.03%,respectively.(4)The groups?and groups?diets did not affect dry matter(DM)intake,milk yield,or milk composition(lactose,milk fat,milk protein,and somatic cell count,P>0.05).The apparent digestibility of DM and NDF was lower for groups?than control groups(P<0.05).Additionally,there were no significant differences in serum biochemical indexes between the groups?and control groups(P>0.05).The groups?had lower serum concentrations of total cholesterol,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and higher serum concentrations of urea than the control group(P<0.05).In summary,the nutrition of MO was mainly concentrated in the leaf.8% MO leaf did not have negative effects on production performance,egg quality,nutritional ingredient of yolk and serum biochemical indexes of laying hens.Compared with other ensiled groups,ensiled mixture of MO and oat hay groups appear best silage quality.The partial replacement of alfalfa hay(?50%)and maize silage with MO silage had no negative effects on milk yield,in vivo nutrient apparent digestibility,or serum biochemical indexes of lactating cows.