The Fruit Growth And Main Economic Characters Of Camellia Gauchowensis Chang

Camellia gauchowensis Chang is an important woody edible oil trees in southern China,which is characterized by its tall tree,large fruit,luxuriant leaves,high yield per unit area and high ornamental value.At present,there are relatively few basic biological studies on the excellent local type of it and the fruit bearing characteristics and seed characteristics are not fully understood.Therefore,based on the investigation of germplasm resources of its area of Guangdong Province,the comprehensive determination and analysis of fruit characters in different producing areas were carried out to clarify their fruit growth and development process and main economic traits,so as to provide theoretical and technical support for the development of its industry.The results as follows:(1)The growth and development time of its fruit is long,and the rapid growth period is from August to October.The growth duration of its seed was about 100~120 days,and it changed from yellow to dark black.The fruit ripening time in it was from the end of September to mid-October,and some of the fruit began to crack in the late October.(2)The longitudinal diameter,transverse diameter and fresh fruit weight of C.gauchowensis fruit belonged to“S”type which was fast and slow.The dry fruit weight was closer to the double“S”type.The percentage of dry seed and kernel,oil content of seed kernel,oil content of dry seed,oil content of fresh seed and oil content of fresh fruit were“S”type.(3)In the mature period of C.gauchowensis,the variation range of longitudinal diameter of fruit was 1.68~7.48 cm,the variation range of transverse diameter of fruit was2.99~8.27 cm,the fruit shape index was 0.60~1.38,the range of peel thickness was0.33~1.37 cm,the range of fresh fruit weight was 11.90~259.29 g,the range of weight of fresh seeds was 2.62~79.57 g,the range of grain number was 1~25,the range of seed yield was 26.23~70.58%,the range of dry fruit weight was 11.59~80.32 g,the range of dry seedweight was 0.82~42.67 g,the range of dry seed yield was 5.77~78.15%,and the range of single fruit moisture content was 23.60~60.24%.(4)Among 12 fruit traits,the characteristics of variation were continuity,normality and concentration,which conformed to the characteristics of quantitative genetic traits.Each character indexes have varying degrees of variation.There is a very significant or significant correlation between most of the traits.(5)12 fruit character indexes of C.gauchowensis can be summed up to 4 principal components,and the cumulative contribution rate is 89.64%.The first principal components included fresh fruit weight(0.972),dry fruit weight(0.964),fruit transverse diameter(0.956),dry seed weight(0.884),fruit longitudinal diameter(0.834)and fresh seed weight(0.838),and the contribution rate was 45.50%.(6)Shelling percentage is 43.49~49.04%;the rate of kernel oil 41.91~45.14%;oil content of dry seed is 6.93~33.11%;oil content of fresh seed is 3.44~23.48%;oil content of fresh fruit 1.10~8.06%.(7)Through GC-MS analysis,the content of unsaturated fatty acids in it was82.72~88.01%,the mean value was 86.34%;and the content of palmitic acid was in7.43~13.63%;the content of stearic acid in 1.35~3.86%;oleic acid content in73.83~82.79%;linoleic acid content in 4.42~8.03%;linolenic acid content in 0.00~1.08%.(8)The ecological adaptability of C.gauchowensis has been adjusted because of different ecological environment,such as climate,water and heat,and altitude.The fruit characters of fruit growth and maturity have changed to a certain extent.