| Ecological factors,fertilization and air curing are important factors that affect the growth and quality characteristics of cigars.In this study,transplanting period,nitrogen application and air curing density were the key points.In 2016-2017 years,the field experiment was carried out in Chang Hao Township,Five Fingers Group,Hainan province.The effects of transplanting period,nitrogen application amount and air curing density on the quality of tobacco leaf tobacco in Hainan were studied.The results are as follows:1 Study on the effect of transplanting period on the quality of Hainan cigar(1)By comparing the agronomic characters of four transplanting period cigar plants,the growth of tobacco plants in the two transplanting period in January 11,2016 and January 26 th was slower,the plant height was shorter and the leaves were smaller,and the monthly average temperature increased after the transplant in February 10 th and February 25 th,and the tobacco plant grew fast and the leaf was large.In the natural climate environment of Five Fingers Group,the influence of the migration period on the agronomic traits in the early stage of the growth of cigar was obvious,and the effect was not significant in the later period.The best performance of the agronomic traits was to take into consideration the growth and development of cigar tobacco plant in February 10 th.(2)The routine chemical composition of cigar tobacco leaves in different transplanting period was detected and analyzed.The total sugar content of cigar leaves transplanted in January11 th was the highest,and the total sugar content decreased with the delay of transplanting period.The potassium content of cigar leaves transplanted in February 10 th was the highest,and the content of transplanting was the lowest in January 11 th,but the content of potassium was not significantly different in the four transplanting periods,and the content of chloride ion was the highest in February 25 th.The ratio of potassium to chloride in transplanting was the highest in February 10 th,the ratio of nitrogen to alkali was closest to 1:1,and the transplanting in January11 th was the most deviant from 1:1;the total nitrogen and nicotine were in accordance with the changes in February 10 th > 1 month 26 > 2 month 25 > 1 month 11.On the whole,we choose to coordinate the routine chemical composition of tobacco leaves in February 10 th,and increase the burning and aroma concentration of cigar leaves.(3)The results showed that the content of neutral aroma substances decreased with the increase of the delay of transplanting period.The content of neutral aroma substances in cigar tobacco transplanted in February 10 th was the best.The sensory evaluation results showed that the aroma of cigar tobacco transplanted in February 10 th was large,the aftertaste was good,and the overall quality was better.The main economic characters in the transplant in February 25 th were the main economic characters.The results showed that the yield was the largest,but the value of cigar was the highest in February 10 th.It can be seen that the transplanting of Five Fingers Group in February 10 th will enable cigars to grow and develop under suitable climatic conditions and give full play to their characteristics.(4)Sensory evaluation showed that the tobacco aroma of transplanted tobacco in February10 th was large,the aftertaste was good,the overall quality was good,and the total score was the highest.(5)The main economic characters showed that the largest yield was transplanting in February 25 th,but in February 10 th,the output value of cigars was the highest.2 Study on the effect of Nitrogen Application on the quality of Hainan cigar(1)By comparing the agronomic traits of four cigar tobacco plants under 90kg·hm-2 、135kg·hm-2 、 180kg·hm-2、 225kg·hm-2,it was found that the amount of nitrogen fertilizer had a great influence on the early growth of cigar tobacco plant,and had no obvious effect on the late growth of cigar tobacco plant.The growth of cigar tobacco plant was proportional to the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied to the plant after planting.After that,the growth rate of 135kg·hm-2and 180kg·hm-2 was better.The whole growth period of cigar was observed,and the growth of tobacco plants was better under the condition of 180kg·hm-2 nitrogen fertilizer.(2)The chemical composition of cigar tobacco leaves under different nitrogen application levels was detected and analyzed.The total sugar content decreased with the increase of nitrogen application.The ratio of potassium and chlorine to nitrogen application was 180kg·hm-2 and the difference was significant with other treatments,and the nitrogen base was also closest to 1:1under the nitrogen application.The results showed that under the test conditions,the nitrogen application of 180 kg per hectare was beneficial to the coordination of the conventional chemical composition of cigar tobacco,and to improve the combustion and aroma concentration of cigar tobacco.(3)The content of new diene increased with the increase of nitrogen application;the content of phenylalanine degradation product and the content of browning reaction products were the highest when the nitrogen application amount was 225kg·hm-2;the content of the explanation product and carotenoid degradation product was best when the nitrogen application amount was 180kg·hm-2;the total amount of neutral aroma substances(except for neutrophil).When the amount of nitrogen is 180kg/hm2,the content is the highest.3 Study on the air curing density of Hainan cigar(1)In order to explore the effects of different air curing densities on various neutral aroma components in cigar tobacco leaves,the effects of three air curing densities of 6kg/m3,8kg/m3 and 10kg/m3 on the content of neutral aroma substances in cigar tobacco were studied in the middle leaves of cigar smoke.It is found that the change of leaf water content in the drying process is mainly slow and slow.The water content of the whole leaf of cigar tobacco leaves is not obvious in the air drying period.Under the medium and high air density,high temperature and humidity are maintained at the stage of yellowing in the early stage of drying,and the water loss rate of the leaves in 14~16 days is suddenly increased under high air curing density.It is possible that the moisture content of the tobacco leaves is too fast for a long time with the high air curing density,and the three kinds of air curing density tend to change at the later stage of the air curing.On the whole,it is more appropriate to change the moisture content in the middle air curing system.(2)During the drying process,the total sugar content of cigar tobacco leaves decreased significantly at the early stage of air curing,and the total sugar content decreased as the air curing density increased,and the total nitrogen content showed a downward trend.At the end of the air system,the low air curing density > high air curing density > medium air density,and the content of nicotine in general showed a rise and then descend.At the end of the drying process,the nicotine content is shown as follows: middle air density,low air curing density and high airing density.(3)The results showed that the medium air curing density was beneficial to the accumulation of phenylalanine degradation products,carotenoid degradation products and new dienadiene in cigar tobacco leaves.Under high air curing density,the degradation products of cypress and brownish reaction products in cigar tobacco leaves accumulated more,and there would be some aroma loss in the stage of dry drying.Generally speaking,the total amount of neutral aroma substances(except neoprene)is the highest under middle air drying density. |
PDF Full Text Request