The Landscape Genomics Studies Of Cotinus Coggvgria(Anacardiaceae)

The environment can influence the organisms' evolution by exerting selective pressure and limiting migration.This is a field that is dedicated to understanding the effects of environmental conditions on the genetic evolution of species.The key issue in molecular ecology and evolutionary biology is the adaptive evolution of species to environmental response.The adaptive differentiation of species is usually diverse in which there is a lack of strong selective pressure.However,regional species' driving mechanism of adaptive differentiation has not been determined yet.In this study,we inferred the adaptive evolution of Cotinus coggygria in China's warm-temperate zone by landscape genomics method.Cotinus coggygria is a small deciduous tree or shrub,and is an important ornamental red leaf tree in China.The famous red autumn leaves of the Fragrant Hill are the species.The tree is native to most parts of East Asia to Central Asia and the Himalayas in northern China.It is widely distributed in the warm-temperate regions of China,it grows in the range of 330-2400 meters above the sea level.It is mainly distributed in Hebei,Henan,Hubei,Shaanxi,Shandong and Shanxi Provinces in China.Landscape genomics studies its adaptive differentiation by identifying the environmental drivers of adaptive genetic variation and revealing related landscape patterns.In this experiment,we selected Cotinus coggygria as the research object,research on the relationship between adaptive genetic imprint and environmental heterogeneity,the results are as follows:(1)We performed landscape genomics research on Cotinus coggygria with SCo T molecular markers.Nine SCo T primers were selected to study the genetic structure of Cotinus coggygria population and 1131 SCo T loci were selected.The Bayesian analysis of all loci showed that the fifteen populations of Cotinus coggygria were divided into two populations in the east and west.The nonhierarchical analysis of variance showed that most of the genetic variations occured within the population,resulting in significant geographical isolation model,rather than geographical barriers that lead to genetic differentiation between the two groups.To detect the contribution of environmental variables to the genetic structure of the population,we used theBayesian analysis of all loci except EAL,after removing the EAL,the two genetic groups also dissolved.Then RDA was used to analyze the relative contribution of 15 Cotinus coggygria populations and environmental variables,and revealed the effect of environmental factors on the landscape spatial structure of Cotinus coggygria.Secondly,the outlier loci were detected,and the environmental correlation analysis was carried out to identify the adaptive loci related to the environment.The results indicated that the environmental variables related to precipitation,(such as the precipitation in the wettest month,the wettest season,the warmest season)were significantly correlated with a large number of environment-related adaptation locus.(2)The purpose of this study is to reveal the spatial population genetic structure of Cotinus coggygria,and identified the EAL in Cotinus coggygria genome,and the identification of environmental factors that affect the adaptive differentiation of Cotinus coggygria.The results showed that the ecological characteristics of Cotinus coggygria,namely drought tolerant and avoiding water and moisture,determined its adaptive evolution.