Trichoderma Species Diversity From Mulberry Rhizosphere In Yunnan Luliang

Trichoderma is an asexual genus,and the sexual state of Trichoderma is Hypocrea,which belongs to Ascomycota,Sordariomycetes,Hypocreales.Because of the important value of Trichoderma in industrial and agricultural production,Trichoderma becomes the legal name.Trichoderma is a kind of widespread fungi in nature,aslo is very common in soil.The commercial biocontrol agents developed by Trichoderma have a large proportion in the market.In order to explore the species of Trichoderma in rhizosphere of mulberry,we selected six villages in Luliang,the main planting base of Yunnan mulberry,as sampling plots,and investigated the species of Trichoderma in rhizosphere of mulberry.As a result,280 strains of Trichoderma were isolated from 120 rhizosphere soil.In combination with morphological characteristics and three nucleic acid sequences of ITS,TEF1-? and RPB2,18 speciess were identified.Nine species of Trichoderma are known.The dominant species are T.viride,T.harzianum and T.hamatum,which accounted for 42.5%,23.9% and 18.9% respectively,T.viride and T.harzianum are the most widely used species in biological control,indicating that native-born Trichoderma play a natural role in the control of soil-habitat pathogenic fungi.Nine species are obviously different from known species in their phylogenetic position and morphological characteristics,and we named them as new species.The new species are T.asiaticum sp.nov,T.anaharzianum sp.nov,T.zeloharzianum sp.nov,T.speciosum sp.nov,T.anisohamatum sp.nov,T.ingine sp.nov,T.insolitum sp.nov,T.pseudoasperelloides sp.nov and T.kunmingense sp.nov.The difference between the new species and their close relatives were discussed.The phylogenetic tree inferred from three sequences was also constructed to determine the phylogenetic positions of all species.T.asiaticum sp.nov,T.anaharzianum sp.nov and T.zeloharzianum sp.nov are distributed in Harzianum Section;T.speciosum sp.nov,T.anisohamatum sp.nov,T.ingine sp.nov,T.insolitum sp.nov,T.pseudoasperelloides sp.nov and T.kunmingense sp.nov are distributed within Trichoderma Section.The known species,T.viride,T.atroviride,T.hamatum and T.koningii belong to Trichoderma Section;T.harzianum,T.piluliferum,T.virens and T.polysporum belong to Pachybasium Section;T.longibrachiatum belongs to Longibachiatum Section.These data indicate the diversity of Trichoderma species in the rhizosphere of mulberry.