Environmental Effects Of Yield And Quality Formation And Transcriptome Analysis At Filling Stage In Northeastern Japonica Rice

Rice quality is mainly affected by the genetic factors of the variety,and is closely related to soil conditions,environmental factors including light and temperature and cultivation methods.As the main producing area of high quality japonica rice,the northeast rice planting area is mainly due to the environmental conditions conducive to the formation of good quality and the superior varieties and cultivation techniques.A lot of research has been done in this field,but most of them are limited to the research in an ecological area.In this study,12 rice varieties were used as materials to carry on field and pot experiments in Gongzhuling,Changchun,and Wuchang in order to explore rice yield and quality formation role of effects of soil and light-temperature on the rice yield and quality under the three different ecological conditions.The main results are as follows.1.There are significant differences in yield and quality characters among varieties and between locations;the main characters of the test varieties showed the trend in locations,the yield in Gongzhuling is the highest,and the yield in Wuchang is the lowest;the palatability in Wuchang is significantly higher than that in Gongzhuling and Changchun.The milled rice rate and head rice rate in Wuchang and Gongzhuling are significantly higher than those in Changchun,the percentage of chalky kernel and chalkiness degree in Gongzhuling are the highest,in Changchun is the lowest.The amylose content in Wuzheng and Gongzhuling is the highest,and that in Gongzhuling is the lowest.The protein content in Changchun is the highest,and in Gongzhuling is the lowest.The total fat content in Gongzhuling is significantly lower than that in the other two locations.2.A comparative analysis of the effects of different soils on yield and quality traits was conducted at the same experimental site.The results showed that the yield per plant of Daohuaxiang is the highest in Changchun soil and Wuchang soil inWuchang,the highest in Gongzhuling soil in Changchun,and no significant difference is found among the three soils in Gongzhuling.The yield of Tong 35 is the highest in Changchun soil in Gongzhuling,and the highest in Gongzhuling soil in Wuchang.There is no significant difference on yield of Tong 35 among three soils in Changchun.The yield of Jijeng 809 is not different from that of soil in the three locations.The palatability and other traits are different in varieties and locatins.The change of soil condition had great influence on brown rice rate,milled rice rate,head rice rate,percentage of chalky kernel and chalkiness degree,but had little effect on amylose content,protein content and total fat content.The palatability of Daohuaxiang is the highest in Wuchang soil and Changchun soil in Wuchang,and Jijeng 809 is the highest in Changchun soil but the lowest in Wuchang soil in Gongzhuling.3.A comparative analysis of the effects of different locations on yield and quality traits was conducted at the same soil condition.The results showed that the comprehensive effect of light-temperature had great influence on the yield and quality of rice varieties.The grain number and yield in Gongzhuling are significantly higher than that in Changchun and Wuchang.The percentage of chalky kernel,chalkiness degree,milled rice rate,head rice rate,and palatability in Wuchang are significantly higher than those of the other two locations.The amylose content,protein content,and palatability in Changchun are significantly lower than those of the other locations.The palatability of Daohuaxiang in Wuchang,Jijeng 809 in Gongzhuling is higher than that of other two locations,respectively.4.The transcriptome analysis of grain at grain filling stage was carried out in three experimental locations with three rice varieties.The results showed that the differentially expressed genes between the three varieties were mainly enriched in fatty acid metabolism,photosynthesis,lipid biosynthesis,polysaccharide metabolism,and organic acid biosynthesis process.Finally,51 quality related candidate genes were screened out,which will be used to study the molecular mechanism of quality formation.